Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Sheryl Yanger
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Scene Investigation

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the third leading cause of infant mortality in the United States. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of an infant younger than age 1 year that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation, including autopsy, scene investigation, and clinical history. Despite research and advances in understanding of SIDS, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion after ruling out accidental causes such as suffocation/strangulation and cardiac, infectious, metabolic, or traumatic etiologies. Although the exact pathogenesis is unknown, a working model of SIDS includes a combination of exogenous factors, such as overbundling, prone sleep position, and airway obstruction, and intrinsic factors such as immature cardiorespiratory or arousal systems.

Distinguishing Sudden Infant Death Syndrome From Child Abuse Fatalities

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Battered Child ◽  
Cot Death

Public and professional awareness of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has increased in the 28 years since the establishment of the National Sudden Infant Death Foundation, now called the National SIDS Alliance.1 Similarly, awareness of child abuse has increased in the 30 years since the publication of the first article on the battered child.2 In the majority of cases, when an infant younger than 1 year dies suddenly and unexpectedly, the cause is SIDS. Sudden infant death syndrome is far more common than infanticide. In a few difficult cases, legitimate investigations for possible child abuse have resulted in an insensitive approach to grieving parents or caretakers. This statement provides professionals with information and guidelines to avoid distressing or stigmatizing families of SIDS victims while allowing accumulation of appropriate evidence in the uncommon case of death by infanticide. INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Sudden infant death syndrome, also called crib or cot death, is "the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and a review of the clinical history." 3 Sudden infant death is the most common cause of death between I and 12 months of age. Eighty percent of cases occur before age 5 months, with a peak incidence between 2 and 4 months of age. Sudden infant death syndrome occurs in 1.5 to 2 per 1000 live births, resulting in 6000 to 7000 infant deaths each year in the United States.4

scholarly journals The Serotonin Brainstem Hypothesis for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah C Kinney ◽  
Robin L Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Death Scene

Abstract The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States today, with an overall rate of 0.39/1000 live births. It is defined as the sudden and unexpected death of an infant <12 months of age that remains unexplained after a complete autopsy, death scene investigation, and review of the clinical history. The serotonin brainstem hypothesis has been a leading hypothesis for SIDS over the last 2 decades. Our laboratory has studied this hypothesis over time with a variety of tissue techniques, including tissue receptor autoradiography, high performance liquid chromatography, Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and proteomics. The purpose of this article is to review the progress in our laboratory toward supporting this hypothesis. We conclude that an important subset of SIDS infants has serotonergic abnormalities resulting from a “core lesion” in the medullary reticular formation comprised of nuclei that contain serotonin neurons. This lesion could lead to a failure of protective brainstem responses to homeostatic challenges during sleep in a critical developmental period which cause sleep-related sudden death.

scholarly journals Ambient Temperature and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in the United States

Epidemiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iny Jhun ◽  
Douglas A. Mata ◽  
Francesco Nordio ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant

Incidence of Recurrence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-116
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Increased Risk

Incidence figures for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are affected by the specific population being studied, the method of data collection, the way in which the diagnosis is determined, and other variables. The occurrence of SIDS per 100 live births has been estimated to be 1.3 in Norway, 2.1 in South Australia, and 2 to 3 in the United States. Subsequent siblings are at increased risk of SIDS, with estimates ranging from 3.7 times that of the general population to as high as 10 times. Beal et al found that families in South Australia who lost a child older than 12 months of age to SIDS were 11 times more likely to have a subsequent child with SIDS than were families in which the SIDS victim was younger than 1 year of age.

On Listening to Parents: The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Over 25 Years

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-897
Author(s):  
Shirley Tonkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Sudden Infant

I have been watching the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) epidemic in New Zealand over 25 years. I've seen it both coming and going. As a medical officer with the government Department of Health, I had access to official statistics from 1960. New Zealand has a small, circumscribed, stable population, a good universal public health system, a good standard of infant health, and almost full employment. However, in 1970, because New Zealand had a high postneonatal infant mortality rate in comparison with other countries such as the United States, I decided to home visit each family in Auckland (population 500 000) where an infant's death had occurred. I expected to learn of such deaths from hospital records, and although I had learned that there were approximately 80 such deaths in Auckland annually, the hospital could supply me with the names of only 10. This lack of deaths occurring in hospital explains why pediatricians were unaware of the situation. "The coroner may know of some deaths that have happened in people's homes," I was told. The coroner gave me a long list. In that year over 70 babies had died unexpectedly in their own homes, unattended by any medical practitioner. I checked the death certificates. Twenty of these home deaths were inevitable from severe congenital defects, 25 had died of unrecognized infections, but the other 25 had not been sick. They had been well cared for. They had simply been found dead after having been put down for sleep in the usual manner.

The Third Month

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Vanessa LoBue
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Potential Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common

This chapter describes the development of the infant in the third month of life. After being warned by her pediatrician that her son has a flat head from sleeping on his back, the author discusses the common newborn issues of plagiocephaly and torticollis, how these diagnoses became popular, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and how back sleeping might slow the development of motor milestones. She goes on to describe the development of infants’ motor skills like sitting, crawling, and walking, and the factors (including back sleeping) that might affect the timing of motor milestones. She concludes with a discussion of potential intervention strategies for babies with plagiocephaly.

Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in the United States: Joint Commentary from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Selected Agencies of the Federal Government

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-820
Author(s):  
◽  
John Kattwinkel ◽  
John Brooks ◽  
Maurice E. Keenan ◽  
Michael Malloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Prone Sleeping Position ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prone Sleeping ◽  
New Evidence

The preceding report describes new evidence from around the world linking infant prone sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Other than in this report, much of the recent information has not yet been published, except in official governmental statistics reports from the various countries. Nevertheless, it seems clear that SIDS rates do decrease significantly after public campaigns aimed at reducing the incidence of prone sleeping. The initial concern, that a shift away from prone sleeping might result in an increase in undesirable complications, has not materialized. There have been no increases in disorders such as aspiration, acute life-threatening events, and vomiting, after infant sleeping position has changed almost exclusively to non-prone in several countries.

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