Biomarkers in Pediatric Magnetoencephalography

2020 ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Julia M. Stephen ◽  
Isabel Solis ◽  
John F. L. Pinner ◽  
Felicha T. Candelaria-Cook
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Atypical Brain Development

The use of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to understand alterations in brain development in children has increased rapidly over the past two decades. Investigators have argued that MEG is an ideal neuroimaging tool for children because the technology is quiet and it provides high-density sensor systems. This participant-friendly technology has led to exploration of the use of MEG to identify biomarkers for atypical brain development to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. Prior studies provide evidence that MEG is sensitive to a number of pediatric clinical disorders demonstrated through significant differences (e.g., latency, amplitude, spectral power) in children with autism spectrum disorder, children born prematurely, and children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, to name a few. At the same time, differences in age range, stimulus parameters, and study population characteristics contribute to variability in results across independent laboratories. While the current studies provide strong evidence for the sensitivity of MEG to identify brain abnormalities in children, replication studies are needed to validate biomarkers of atypical brain development to identify children at risk for atypical brain development. Additional studies are also needed to understand the dynamic changes in these brain markers across the age spectrum. Finally, future directions include gaining a broader understanding of typical and atypical brain development to identify neural targets for intervention.

On the Development of VR and AR Learning Contents for Children on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
Lucia Vera ◽  
Javier Sevilla ◽  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Sergio Casas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Important Case ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Group A ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Educational Contents

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to group a range of brain development disorders. The learning profile of most people with ASD is mainly visual, and VR and AR technologies offer important advantages to provide a visually based mean for gaining access to educational contents. The prices of VR and AR glasses and helmets have fallen. Also, a number of tools that facilitate the development and publication of AR and VR contents have recently appeared. Therefore, a scenario of opportunity for new developments has appeared in this field. This chapter offers guidelines for developing AR and VR learning contents for people on the autism spectrum and analyses those guidelines from the perspective of two important case studies developed in previous years.

The role of Pax6 in brain development and its impact on pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 1705 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takako Kikkawa ◽  
Cristine R. Casingal ◽  
Seung Hee Chun ◽  
Hiroshi Shinohara ◽  
Kotaro Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

Relationships Among Assessment Time, Time on Task, and Motor Skill Performance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M. Breslin ◽  
Mary E. Rudisill
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
Age Range

Twenty-two children (age range of 3.5–10.92 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (Second Edition; TGMD-2) using three different protocols. The total duration of assessment time and the percentage of time engaged in on-task behavior during the assessments were measured and analyzed using within-subjects repeated measure ANOVA designs to compare performance across the three protocols. Significant differences emerged across the duration of assessment time by assessment protocol, while no significant differences emerged for time on-task during the assessments by protocol used. In addition, correlations were calculated between the TGMD-2 scores and the duration of assessment time and the percentage of time on-task. An inverse relationship was found between TGMD-2 scores and total duration of assessment time by protocol used, (r = .726, .575, .686), while a positive relationship was found between the TGMD-2 scores and time on-task (r = -.570, -.535, -.798). These results suggest a direct relationship between skill proficiency and contextually appropriate behaviors.

scholarly journals Early brain development in infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorder

Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 542 (7641) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Cody Hazlett ◽  
◽  
Hongbin Gu ◽  
Brent C. Munsell ◽  
Sun Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Brain Development

Prevalence of externalizing disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders among children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Lange ◽  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Evdokia Anagnostou ◽  
Svetlana Popova
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Owing to their central nervous system impairments, children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) commonly exhibit externalizing behaviours such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and (or) delinquency. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders with prominent externalizing behaviours, namely Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), as well as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) among children with FASD. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed, followed by disorder-specific random-effects meta-analyses. Of the disorders investigated, ADHD was found to be the most common co-morbid disorder among children with FASD (52.9%), followed by ODD (12.9%), CD (7.0%), and ASD (2.6%). When compared with the general population of the USA, these rates are notably higher: 15 times higher for ADHD, 2 times higher for ASD, 3 times higher for CD, and 5 times higher for ODD. The results call attention to the need for identifying a distinct neurodevelopmental profile to aid in the accurate identification of children with FASD and the discrimination of FASD from certain idiopathic neurodevelopmental disorders.

scholarly journals Early patterns of functional brain development associated with autism spectrum disorder in tuberous sclerosis complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1758-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Dickinson ◽  
Kandice J. Varcin ◽  
Mustafa Sahin ◽  
Charles A. Nelson ◽  
Shafali S. Jeste
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Brain

scholarly journals Maternal Race–Ethnicity, Immigrant Status, Country of Birth, and the Odds of a Child With Autism

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2329048X1668812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Fairthorne ◽  
Nick de Klerk ◽  
Helen M. Leonard ◽  
Laura A. Schieve ◽  
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Maternal Race

The risk of autism spectrum disorder varies by maternal race–ethnicity, immigration status, and birth region. In this retrospective cohort study, Western Australian state registries and a study population of 134 204 mothers enabled us to examine the odds of autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in children born from 1994 to 2005 by the aforementioned characteristics. We adjusted for maternal age, parity, socioeconomic status, and birth year. Indigenous women were 50% less likely to have a child with autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability than Caucasian, nonimmigrant women. Overall, immigrant women were 40% less likely to have a child with autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability than nonimmigrant women. However, Black women from East Africa had more than 3.5 times the odds of autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in their children than Caucasian nonimmigrant women. Research is implicated on risk and protective factors for autism spectrum disorder with intellectual disability in the children of immigrant women.

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