Chills, Bets, and Dopamine

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Laura Ferreri ◽  
Jordi Riba ◽  
Robert Zatorre ◽  
Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Mesolimbic System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

During the past decade, research in cognitive neuroscience has tried to understand how the organized acoustic information we call music is decoded in the brain as pleasant and rewarding stimulus. In this chapter, the authors retrace part of this intriguing journey: from the first positron emission tomography study revealing the association between the mesolimbic system and musical pleasure to the recent pharmacological interventions showing that dopamine causally mediates the subjectively rewarding experience elicited by music. The dopamine-dependent hedonic and motivational responses to music may depend on the modulations of several neural mechanisms related not only to emotion, but also to attention and memory. Musical reward arises therefore as a complex set of processes which constitute a special access key to the study of human cognition.

scholarly journals Imaging angiogenesis using 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 positron emission tomography/computed tomography in patients with severe intracranial atherosclerotic disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3401-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Shu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yi Cheng Zhu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Li Ying Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Arterial Lesion ◽  
Event Time ◽  
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
The Brain

Angiogenesis is a critical compensation route, which has been demonstrated in the brain following ischemic stroke; however, few studies have investigated angiogenesis in chronic intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD). We used 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 positron emission tomography/computed tomography based imaging to detect angiogenesis in chronic ICAD and to explore the factors that may have affected it. A total of 21 participants with unilateral severe chronic ICAD were included in the study. Of the 21 participants, 19 were men; the mean (SD) age was 52 (15) years. In 18 participants, we observed elevated 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 uptake in the peri-infarct, subcortical, and periventricular regions of the lesioned side, with a higher 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 SUVmax compared to that in the contralateral hemisphere (0.15 vs. 0.06, p=0.001). The 18F-FDG PET SUVmax was significantly lower on the lesioned side (11.28 vs. 13.92, p=0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the recent group (<6 months) had a higher lesion-to-contralateral region ratio SUVmax than the remote group (>6 months) (6.73 vs. 2.36, p<0.05). Our results provide molecular imaging evidence of angiogenesis in patients with severe chronic ICAD. Furthermore, the extent of angiogenesis in chronic ICAD may be affected by the post-qualified event time interval, and not by infarction itself or the severity of the arterial lesion.

A Review on Brain Imaging Techniques for BCI Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Saugat Bhattacharyya ◽  
Anwesha Khasnobish ◽  
Poulami Ghosh ◽  
Ankita Mazumder ◽  
D. N. Tibarewala
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

Evolution has endowed human race with the most adroit brain, and to harness its potential to the fullest the concept of brain computer interface (BCI) has emerged. One of the most crucial components of BCI is the technique of brain imaging. The first approach in the field of brain imaging was to measure the electrical and magnetic activity of the brain, the techniques being known as Electroencephalography and Magnetoencephalography. Striving for furtherance, researchers came up with another alternative known as Magnetic Resonance Imaging. But it being confined to only structural imaging, the functional aspects of brain were mapped using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A similar but comparatively newer neuroimaging modality is Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation neuro-physiological technique is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Based on nuclear medicine the brain imaging technologies that are widely explored in the world of BCI are Positron Emission Tomography and Single Positron Emission Tomography.

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