Gravitational Waves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Cosmological Perturbation ◽  
Tests Of General Relativity ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Tensor Perturbations ◽  
Stochastic Backgrounds

A comprehensive and detailed account of the physics of gravitational waves and their role in astrophysics and cosmology. The part on astrophysical sources of gravitational waves includes chapters on GWs from supernovae, neutron stars (neutron star normal modes, CFS instability, r-modes), black-hole perturbation theory (Regge-Wheeler and Zerilli equations, Teukoslky equation for rotating BHs, quasi-normal modes) coalescing compact binaries (effective one-body formalism, numerical relativity), discovery of gravitational waves at the advanced LIGO interferometers (discoveries of GW150914, GW151226, tests of general relativity, astrophysical implications), supermassive black holes (supermassive black-hole binaries, EMRI, relevance for LISA and pulsar timing arrays). The part on gravitational waves and cosmology include discussions of FRW cosmology, cosmological perturbation theory (helicity decomposition, scalar and tensor perturbations, Bardeen variables, power spectra, transfer functions for scalar and tensor modes), the effects of GWs on the Cosmic Microwave Background (ISW effect, CMB polarization, E and B modes), inflation (amplification of vacuum fluctuations, quantum fields in curved space, generation of scalar and tensor perturbations, Mukhanov-Sasaki equation,reheating, preheating), stochastic backgrounds of cosmological origin (phase transitions, cosmic strings, alternatives to inflation, bounds on primordial GWs) and search of stochastic backgrounds with Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA).

scholarly journals Induced gravitational waves in a general cosmological background

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Domènech
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Primordial Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Perturbation ◽  
Cosmological Perturbation Theory ◽  
Cosmological Background ◽  
Integral Formulas ◽  
Small Scales

Gravitational waves (GWs) are inevitably produced by second-order terms in cosmological perturbation theory. Most notably, the so-called induced (GWs) are a window to the small scales part of the primordial spectrum of fluctuations and a key counterpart to the primordial black hole (PBH) scenario. However, semi-analytical solutions are only known for matter and radiation domination eras. In this paper, we present new analytic integral formulas for the induced GWs on subhorizon scales in a general cosmological background with a constant equation-of-state. We also discuss applications to a peaked primordial scalar power spectrum and the PBH scenario.

Supermassive black holes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Maggiore
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Galaxy Formation And Evolution ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Stochastic Backgrounds ◽  
Self Force

The supermassive BH at the center of our Galaxy. Formation and evolution of SMBH binaries. Perspective for detection with LISA. Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs). Computation of the EMRI’s waveform with the self-force approach. Stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves produced by SMBH binaries. Perspective for detection at pulsar timing arrays

Black-hole dynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 391-417
Author(s):  
Nils Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Quasinormal Modes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Self Force ◽  
Force Problem

The main ideas from black-hole perturbation theory are introduced, starting with stability isses and leading on to the notion of quasinormal modes. The motion of test bodies is considered, making it possible to estimate the gravitational waves emitted in a black-hole merger, and issues associated with the self-force problem are considered.

scholarly journals Limits on First Structure Formation from Pulsar Timing

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 329-335
Author(s):  
R. M. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Galaxy Mergers ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Promising Source

AbstractBy monitoring the arrival times from millisecond pulsars for years to decades, it is possible to search for, or place limits on, nanohertz frequency gravitational radiation. The most promising source of gravitational waves in this band is a stochastic background emitted from a population of supermassive black hole binaries. As these binaries are the direct product of of galaxy mergers and the properties of the SMBHs correlated strongly with their host galaxies, the gravitational wave emission of the binaries can be used to study how galaxies evolve. Here I discuss how pulsar timing can be used to search for gravitational waves, and how limits on the strength of the background are being used to challenge models of supermassive black hole formation and evolution.

Whispers from the Big Bang

2019 ◽  
pp. 581-624
Author(s):  
Nils Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cosmic Strings ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Cosmological Redshift ◽  
Pulsar Timing ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Binary Mergers ◽  
Stochastic Backgrounds ◽  
The Big Bang

This chapter discusses gravitational waves in the context of cosmology, starting from a summary of the standard model for cosmology—Lambda CDM. The cosmological redshift is introduced and different ways to measure distances in an expanding universe are considered, including the idea of using binary mergers as standard ‘sirens’. Different stochastic backgrounds are considered and the use of pulsar timing arrays to detect gravitational waves is introduced. The chapter ends with a discussion of cosmological backgrounds due to quantum fluctuations, phase transitions, and cosmic strings

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