Reading Lucretian Metaphor

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-115
Author(s):  
Barnaby Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Difficult Question

This chapter presents an account of Lucretian metaphor as it relates to readerly experience. After discussing the inherent instability of Lucretian metaphor, and the challenges of control it poses, the chapter undertakes two brief case studies of metaphorical schemes in the poem: the first deals with Lucretius’ metaphorical presentation of philosophy as conquest, and connects it to the calqued metaphor of the animi iniectus; the second concerns Lucretius’ use of perceptual language to refer to non-perceptual cognitive processes. It then turns to questions of ethics and aesthetics, to argue for the importance of readerly pleasure in explaining the schemes of atomic personification in DRN. The rest of the chapter deals with the difficult question of control: how Lucretius seeks to exert control over the reception of his metaphors, and what happens when readers disobey him; this latter question is addressed via an account of Lucretian metaphor and misprision in a lyric poem of Boethius.

The Curse of Realism

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-24
Author(s):  
Karin Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Counter Model ◽  
Cognitive Approaches To Literature ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter challenges the assumption that throughout history the novel gets progressively better at realism and at matching its language in cognitive processes. It characterises this assumption as “the curse of realism,” which retroactively imposes standards from the nineteenth-century novel onto texts from earlier periods and evaluates them as lacking stylistic and narrative achievements that they never aimed for. A counter-model, based on embodied cognition and predictive, probabilistic cognition, is proposed. This allows cognitive approaches to literature to move away from a teleological perspective (where the novel improves its match with cognition) and towards a dialectic perspective (where literary texts can relate to cognition in ways that are not inherently more accurate than others). This chapter lays the overall theoretical foundations for the case studies in the following chapters.

Hypervideo and Cognition

2011 ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Chambel ◽  
Carmen Zahn ◽  
Matthias Finke
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This chapter discusses how advanced digital video technologies, such as hypervideo, can be used to broaden the spectrum of meaningful learning activities. Hypervideo is conceptualized as the true integration of video into nonlinear information structures by means of spatio-temporal links. Based on cognitive-psychological perspectives, the discussion focuses on the way cognitive and socio-cognitive processes relate to the specific characteristics of hyperlinked videos, and how they inform their design. Then, with regard to technology, two approaches are introduced, providing tools for knowledge building and interaction with nonlinear information structures based on dynamic video information. Case studies and research findings are presented and prospects for future research are outlined.

Competitive advantage through networking

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose of this paper Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings How do you start innovating? This is actually a very difficult question to answer because, despite the fact most forms have departments or people dedicated to innovation, engaging in research and seeking to develop new and existing products, all these activities are ongoing. It is hard to think of what a research and development (R&D) department looks like at 9am on Day One. Maybe there are lots of brand new marker pens in their boxes and colored sticky notes piled neatly on people’s desks, or it could be an empty lab with clear benches and as-yet-unused equipment. It sounds an exciting place, but also quite a lonely place. Practical implications Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. What is original/value of paper? The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

On constructional blocking of metonymies

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brdar ◽  
Rita Brdar-Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

Abstract The interaction between metonymy and grammar is commonly understood, in keeping with the classical cognitive linguistic doctrine about cognitive operations motivating linguistic structures, as unilateral – conceptual metaphor and metonymy shaping the grammatical system. However, we argue in this article that one of the possible corollaries of the Equipollence Hypothesis (Mairal & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2009; Ruiz de Mendoza & Luzondo Oyón, 2012) covers a truly bilateral interaction between grammatical structures and cognitive processes. The Equipollence Hypothesis is shown to allow for grammatical phenomena facilitating or constraining, i.e. blocking, the application of conceptual metonymies and their expressions across domains of linguistic inquiry. Specifically, we show in four case studies that grammatical constructions may actually pre-empt lexical (and grammatical) metonymy.

scholarly journals Algorithm and Parameters: Solving the Generality Problem for Reliabilism

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Folk Psychology ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Cognitive Penetration ◽  
Generality Problem ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Affect Processing

The paper offers a solution to the generality problem for a reliabilist epistemology, by developing an “algorithm and parameters” scheme for type-individuating cognitive processes. Algorithms are detailed procedures for mapping inputs to outputs. Parameters are psychological variables that systematically affect processing. The relevant process type for a given token is given by the complete algorithmic characterization of the token, along with the values of all the causally relevant parameters. The typing that results is far removed from the typings of folk psychology, and from much of the epistemology literature. But it is principled and empirically grounded, and shows good prospects for yielding the desired epistemological verdicts. The paper articulates and elaborates the theory, drawing out some of its consequences. Toward the end, the fleshed-out theory is applied to two important case studies: hallucination and cognitive penetration of perception.

scholarly journals Caveat Venditor: Technologically Protected Subsidized Goods and the Customers Who Hack Them

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Soghoian
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Durable Good ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Difficult Question ◽  
Primary Goods ◽  
Sony Aibo ◽  
A Company

This paper explores the issues surrounding the subsidization of a technology based durable good and on the delicate dance between the producer trying to protect their profit, competitors trying to to create and sell aftermarket goods, and innovative customers who attempt to use the goods in completely unplanned, and unprofitable ways. A number of case studies are presented that highlighted the ease with which customers can tinker with subsidized products. These include Microsoft's Xbox, Netpliances' i-Opener, the Sony AIBO, and the general problems of the prepaid phone industry. A number of legal cases are also presented, although these focus more on the issue of other firms attempting to make competing aftermarket products for subsidized primary goods. The difficult question of what can a company do is explored. The question of who the company can go after for infringement, be it the reverse engineering programmer, or the college student sharing such information on her homepage, is also examined. Finally, this paper examines the moral issues involved when consumers hack these items.

scholarly journals Representation in Cognitive Science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Shea
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Detailed Case ◽  
Structural Correspondence ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Representational Theory Of Mind

The representational theory of mind (RTM) has given us the powerful insight that thinking consists of the processing of mental representations. Behaviour is the result of these cognitive processes and makes sense in the light of their contents. There is no widely accepted account of how representations get their content – of the metaphysics of representational content. That question, usually asked about representations at the personal level like beliefs and conscious states, is equally pressing for the subpersonal representations that pervade our best explanatory theories in cognitive science. This book argues that well-understood naturalistic resources can be combined to provide an account of subpersonal representational content. It shows how contents arise in a series of detailed case studies in cognitive science. The account is pluralistic, allowing that content is constituted differently in different cases. Building on insights from previous theories, especially teleosemantics, the accounts combine an appeal to correlational information and structural correspondence with an expanded notion of etiological function, which captures the kinds of stabilizing processes that give rise to content. The accounts support a distinction between descriptive and directive content. They also allow us to see how representational explanation gets its distinctive explanatory purchase.

scholarly journals Caminhos possíveis: inovações sobre o estudo de projetos de arquitetura em um trabalho acadêmico

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Gianne Speth ◽  
Samuel Silva de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Theory

This article deals with a collective work carried out by the students of the subject "Theory and History of Architecture and Urbanism V" of the Course of Architecture and Urbanism of UFSM Campus Cachoeira do Sul. From the analysis of six school buildings, the synthesis of these case studies in an innovative way in a booklet-fanzine that, in addition to seeking dialogue with the entire academic community promoting discussions among students, teachers and administrative technicians, sought the training of reflexive and autonomous students with the capacity to develop higher cognitive processes ranging from analysis to creation.

Behavior is multiply determined, and perception has multiple components: The case of moral perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Gantman ◽  
Jay J. Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Moral Perception ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Oriented Research

AbstractWe introduce two propositions for understanding top-down effects on perception. First, perception is not a unitary construct but is composed of multiple components. Second, behavior is multiply determined by cognitive processes. We call for a process-oriented research approach to perception and use our own research on moral perception as a “case study of case studies” to examine these issues.

Triumphs, Disasters, and Near Misses

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-138
Author(s):  
Cym Anthony Ryle
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Near Misses

This chapter refers to the evidence that error occurs in about 10% of diagnoses and is a potent source of harm to patients. Most error is judged to be potentially avoidable and to result from defects in the thinking of the individuals involved, defects in the systems within which they work, or more commonly from problems occurring simultaneously in both. It notes that systems factors and fallible cognition each contributes to this figure and often coexist. The chapter offers a set of clinical anecdotes that illustrate the cognitive processes described in Chapters 2 and 4, with examples of common pitfalls, including the influence of bias. The chapter includes critical reflection on these case studies, considers what lessons may be taken, and identifies opportunities for the introduction of safeguards.

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