VALIDATION OF THE GEIGER-MULLER COUNTER MODEL OF BDMG-04-02 USING THE MONTE-CARLO TECHNIQUE

The model of the Geiger-Muller counter as the internal part of BDMG-04-02 detection unit in the calibration fa-cility UPGD-2 was developedin MCNP6.2. The different methods are used for the determination of the Geiger-Muller counter response. The F1 and F8 tally applicability is briefly described. BDMG-04-02 model was validated by comparative analysis of the calculated results and experimental values of the counter responses that obtained on the UPGD-2 calibration facility. Additionally, the absolute, geometric and intrinsic registration efficiency of BDMG-04-02 was determined. The paper has been emphasized the disadvantages of using the method of direct counting of the electrons on the surface of the Geiger-Muller counter (F1).

Type and Density of Bacterial and Fungal Bioaerosols and Particles in Inside and Outside of Hospital: Modeling of Dispersion and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Bioaerosols

The study of loading rate of microorganisms in the space of hospital inside and outside to evaluate their impacts on physical health of patients and staff, as well as to find out the source of possible infections and allergies stemming from the presence of bioaerosols is of great importance. In total, 262 bacterial and fungal samples were collected from the air of the wards of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. Also, suspended particles were measured by Particle Mass Counter (model: TES-5200). Parameter such as relative humidity and temperature were recorded by using TES-5200 device. To identify bacteria, some biochemical and molecular tests were conducted. And, for the identification of fungi, microscopic and macroscopic characteristics were used. The highest and lowest densities of the bioaerosols were observed in lung and operating wards (336.67 and 15.25 CFU/m3). Moreover, the highest and least concentrations of particles were seen in the emergency and operating wards, respectively. The most common fungi isolated from the hospital air were Penicillium (24.7%), Cladosporium (23. 4%), Aspergillus niger (13.3%) and Aspergillus Flavus (11.4%). Furthermore, the highest concentration of the isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus hemolyticus (31.84%). And, the bacteria had the most resistance to antibiotic gentamicin.The general average of air pollution of the hospital to bioaerosols in quantitative terms was higher than that suggested by international organizations. Considering the high concentration of bioaerosols and particles in the hospital studied, provision of optimal conditions (like temperature, humidity, suitable ventilation and intelligent air conditioning system) and imposing a restriction in the entrance of the wards can be utilized to reduce the amount of pollution.

The Global Futures Lab

This chapter critiques the politics behind the representations of the future conjectured by contemporary creative industries and offers a counter-model based in specific forms of ‘cultural determinism’. It argues that the vast majority of creative speculations were and still are a mere representation of the fears and dreams of a restricted part of the global community, and are defined by a distinguishable style of Hollywoodesque sci-fi imaginary or the taste of the dominating design establishment. Drawing on the empirical experiential research undertaken by the Global Futures Lab—which invites international students to reflect upon their personal idea of future—this chapter advocates the need for more pluralist perspectives and localized visions in which traditions and belief shape alternative and hyper-contextual future realities.

Judgements of the Duration of Auditory and Visual Stimuli

Studies of judgements of the durations of filled auditory and visual stimuli were reviewed, and some previously unpublished data were analysed. Data supported several conclusions. Firstly, auditory stimuli have longer subjective durations than visual ones, with visual stimuli commonly being judged as having 80–90% of the duration of auditory ones. Secondly, the effect was multiplicative, with the auditory/visual difference increasing as the intervals became longer. Only a small number of exceptions to both these conclusions were found. Thirdly, differences in variability between judgements of auditory and visual stimuli derived from most procedures were small and sometimes not statistically significant, although differences almost always involved visual stimuli producing more variable judgements. Currently, the most viable explanation of the effects appears to be some sort of pacemaker-counter model with higher pacemaker speed for auditory stimuli, although this approach cannot, in its present form, deal quantitatively with all the findings usually obtained.

Sleeping in the Cinema

In the 1940s and 50s, Weegee shot a considerable number of photographs in New York City's movie theaters. These photos contribute important insights on the history of cinema spectatorship in the form of visual arguments about the movie audience. This article places the images in dialogue with theories and histories of the disembodied spectator. It discusses the photographer's particular fascination with sleeping moviegoers. The sleepy filmgoer embodies simultaneously the model and counter-model of spectatorial attention. This figure focalizes a strand of theory that associates filmic reception with scattered, dispersive forms of attention that stray from aesthetic or disciplinary norms of absorption.

Reproduction as Literary Production: Self-Expression and the Index in Kenneth Goldsmith’s Uncreative Writing

This chapter discusses Kenneth Goldsmith’s Uncreative Writing, a collection of essays that includes an account of his Uncreative Writing course at the University of Pennsylvania. Championing various forms of literary automatism and appropriation, which are often treated as a much-needed response to our contemporary digital environment, the book is offered as a counter-model to established notions of authentic, self-expressive writing. The article takes this position as a springboard into thinking about Goldsmith’s writing exercises in relation to a longer history of indexical artistic practices, most notably analog photography. Despite its own positioning vis-à-vis the digital, I claim, Goldsmith’s writing model can best be understood as an extension of a proto-photographic logic into the ambit of contemporary literature. At the same time, as I show, the use of textual reproduction central to his project has been a longstanding ingredient of self-expressive literary advice. I conclude by arguing that Goldsmith’s model is just as tied to a form of personal expression, albeit one following a less obviously self-expressive logic that resonates with online forms of indexical performativity.

Drinking to the Future: Wine in Communist Bulgaria

This article explores wine production, consumption and trade in the context of late socialist Bulgaria and the wider Eastern Bloc. In particular, it connects wine to the process of building legitimacy in Bulgaria, as part of post-Stalinist culture of consumer abundance and even connoisseurship that was steeped in nationalist narratives and meanings, as well as utopian visions of the future. To complicate such narratives, it also delves into the contradictory ways in which late-socialist anti-alcohol narratives and campaigns similarly looked to local, if not national, precursors to ground their counter model of a sober socialist present and communist future.

The effect of an unexpected modality on time reproduction: Clock speed or memory mixing?

The pacemaker-counter model (PCM) has been the core architecture of scalar expectancy theory for decades. PCM assumes the same timing mechanism applies to every stimulus input, regardless of modality, and has been used to explain differences between perceived durations. In violation, previous studies demonstrate a robust effect of memory-mixing, occurring when the memory trace of a previous time interval influences perception of upcoming ones. We examined the influence of unexpected modality for a trained duration on temporal reproduction, using auditory/visual stimuli with short/long (500/1000ms) standard durations—testing the PCM pure ‘clock speed’ prediction against the memory-mixing account. Here, we report different outcomes of unexpected modality on time reproduction based on modality assignments with specific intervals. When the short interval was trained with an auditory stimulus, and long interval with a visual stimulus, unexpected presence of the opposite modality led to a memory-mixing pattern, in which reproductions shifted toward the other interval. However, no such effect occurred when the short interval was trained with a visual stimulus and long interval with an auditory stimulus. We propose that durations stored in reference memory retain its paired modality, but that during averaging durations are combined based on both their modality and relative duration.

Sequent calculi of first-order logics of partial predicates with extended renominations and composition of predicate complement

We study new classes of program-oriented logical formalisms – pure first-order logics of quasiary predicates with extended renominations and a composition of predicate complement. For these logics, various logical consequence relations are specified and corresponding calculi of sequent type are constructed. We define basic sequent forms for the specified calculi and closeness conditions. The soundness, completeness, and counter-model existence theorems are proved for the introduced calculi.