scholarly journals John Ireland and the Transformation of Scotist Theology

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Simon J. G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Perfect Being Theology

John Ireland was the most distinguished Scottish theologian of the fifteenth century. Significantly, his own theology was deeply impacted by that of John Duns Scotus, whom he was proud to acknowledge a fellow countryman. This chapter discusses Ireland’s theology, focusing on his transformation of key Scotist motifs. It reveals Ireland’s profound debt to a Scotistic pattern of perfect-being theology, both directly and indirectly through the mediation of Ramon de Sabunde, the controversial fifteenth-century member of the school of Ramon Lull. It also positions his complex discussion of grace and free will as a pastoral via media between an Augustinian-Scotist and Ockhamist account of predestination. Overall, Ireland’s distinctive theological synthesis represents a creative response to some of the key debates of late medieval theology, and one whose influence was felt on the next generation of Scottish theologians.

Sixteenth-Century Reformed Reception of Aquinas

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
David S. Sytsma
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Doctrine Of God

The knowledge of Aquinas’ works among Reformed authors of the sixteenth century varies widely from those, such as John Calvin, who rarely cite him, to Peter Martyr Vermigli, who received a doctorate in the via antiqua at Padua and drew heavily on Thomas even after his conversion to Reformed Protestantism. Martin Bucer initiates a trend in the 1530s of placing Thomas among the ‘sounder scholastics’ on account of his Augustinian soteriology. Leading Reformed theologians follow Bucer’s terminology and comparatively positive estimate of Thomas, even while polemicizing against medieval scholasticism and perceived Pelagian tendencies within late medieval theology. By the end of the sixteenth century Reformed theologians regularly cite Thomas favourably, albeit also eclectically. Aquinas’ influence on nascent Reformed orthodoxy, and to a lesser extent earlier theologians, is evident on a wide variety of topics, including prolegomena, biblical hermeneutics, the doctrine of God, predestination, humanity, free will, natural law, and Christology.

Ambrosius Spiera: A Fifteenth-Century Italian Preacher and Scholar

1974 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-459
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Rentner
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period

Our attempts to piece together the mosaic of ideas and events during the late medieval period have been enriched in recent years by the increased attention given to the study of sermons. Sentence commentaries, summae and tracts are the bedrock for the study of medieval theology, but we also wish to know what was being preached.

FREE WILL ACCORDING TO JOHN DUNS SCOTUS AND NEUROSCIENCE

Zygon® ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Sally K. Severino
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Duns Scotus

Mental disorders in commentaries by the late medieval theologians Richard of Middleton, John Duns Scotus, William Ockham and Gabriel Biel on Peter Lombard’s Sentences

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesa Hirvonen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
William Ockham ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Modern Era

In their commentaries on the Sentences, Richard of Middleton, John Duns Scotus, William Ockham and Gabriel Biel reflect whether mentally-disturbed people can receive the sacraments (Baptism, Eucharist, confession, marriage) and fulfil juridical actions (make a will or take an oath). They consider that the main problem in ‘madmen’ in relation to the sacraments and legal actions is their lack of the use of reason. Scotus and Ockham especially are interested in the causes of mental disorders and the phenomena which happen in madmen’s minds and bodies. In considering mental disorders mostly as naturally caused psycho-physical phenomena, Scotus and Ockham join the rationalistic mental disorder tradition, which was to become dominant in the early modern era and later.

Dominic of Flanders’ Critique of John Duns Scotus’ Primary Argument for the Univocity of Being

Vivarium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 176-199
Author(s):  
Domenic D’Ettore
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Analogy Of Being ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Famous Argument

Abstract This article considers the attempt by a prominent fifteenth-century follower of Thomas Aquinas, Dominic of Flanders (a.k.a. Flandrensis, 1425-1479), to address John Duns Scotus’ most famous argument for the univocity of being. According to Scotus, the intellect must have a concept of being that is univocal to substantial and accidental being, and to finite and infinite being, on the grounds that an intellect cannot be both certain and doubtful through the same concept, but an intellect can be certain that something is a being while doubting whether it is a substance or accident, finite or infinite. The article shows how Flandrensis’ reply in defence of analogy of being hinges on a more fundamental disagreement with Scotus over the division of the logically one. It also shows how Flandrensis’ answer to this question commits him to a position on the unity of the concept of being that lies between the positions of Scotus and of Flandrensis’ earlier Thomistic sources.

Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Spell of John Duns Scotus

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Llewelyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
John Duns Scotus ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Formal Distinction

The Early Mediaeval Scottish philosopher and theologian John Duns Scotus shook traditional doctrines of logical universality and logical particularity by arguing for a metaphysics of ‘formal distinction’. Why did the Nineteenth Century poet and self-styled philosopher Gerard Manley Hopkins find this revolutionary teaching so appealing? John Llewelyn answers this question by casting light on various neologisms introduced by Hopkins and reveals how Hopkins endorses Scotus’s claim that being and existence are grounded in doing and willing. Drawing on modern respon ses to Scotus made by Heidegger, Peirce, Arendt, Leibniz, Hume, Reid, Derrida and Deleuze, Llewelyn’s own response shows by way of bonus why it would be a pity to suppose that the rewards of reading Scotus and Hopkins are available only to those who share their theological presuppositions

A Mathematical Turn

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Oosterhoff
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
University Reform ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Nicholas Of Cusa ◽  
Devotio Moderna ◽  
Court Politics ◽  
Spiritual Reform ◽  
The University

Lefèvre described his own mathematical turn as a kind of conversion. This chapter explains what motivated his turn to mathematics, considering the place of mathematics in fifteenth-century Paris in relation to court politics and Lefèvre’s own connections to Italian humanists. But more importantly, Lefèvre’s attitude to learning and the propaedeutic value of mathematics drew on the context of late medieval spiritual reform, with its emphasis on conversion and care of the soul. In particular, Lefèvre’s turn to university reform seems to have responded to the works of Ramon Lull, alongside the devotio moderna and Nicholas of Cusa, which he printed in important collections. With such influences, Lefèvre chose the university as the site for intellectual reform.

Public and Private: The Late Medieval Wall Paintings of Haddon Hall Chapel, Derbyshire

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 179-205
Author(s):  
Mellie Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Public Statement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Private Devotion

This paper focuses on the mural scheme executed in Haddon Hall Chapel shortly after 1427 for Sir Richard Vernon. It argues that at that time the chapel was also being used as a parish church, and that the paintings were therefore both an expression of private devotion and a public statement. This is reflected in their subject matter, which combines themes associated with popular beliefs, the public persona of the Hall's owner and the Vernon family's personal devotions. The remarkable inventiveness and complexity of the iconography is matched by the exceptionally sophisticated style of the paintings. Attention is also given to part of the decoration previously thought to be contemporary with this fifteenth-century scheme but for which an early sixteenth-century date is now proposed on the basis of stylistic and other evidence.

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