Laurel Blair Salton Clark (1961–2003)

2019 ◽  
pp. 267-269
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Altschuler ◽  
Fernando J. Ballesteros

This chapter describes Laurel Clark, an American astronaut who died during the disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia when it entered the atmosphere.

Author(s):  
Ruth Guthrie ◽  
Conrad Shayo

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a government organization, founded to explore space to better understand our own planet and the universe around us. Over NASA’s history, there have been unprecedented successes: Apollo missions that put people into space and walking on the moon, the remarkable findings of the Hubble space telescope and the Space Shuttle Program, allowing astronauts to perform scientific experiments in orbit from are usable space vehicle. NASA continues to be a source of national wonder and pride for the United States and the world. However, NASA has failures too. In February of 2002, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated as it returned to Earth. This event occurred 16 years after the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded during take-off. As information was collected, investigators found that many of the problems uncovered during the Challenger investigation were also factors for Columbia. Underlying both disasters was the problem of relaying complex engineering information to management, in an environment driven by schedule and budget pressure. Once again, NASA is looking at ways to better manage space programs in an environment of limited resources.


2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Niihori ◽  
Yoshihiro Mogami ◽  
Kiyoshi Naruse ◽  
Shoji A. Baba

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig T. Mallak

When the Space Shuttle Columbia was lost in 2003, the investigation presented many unique challenges, including numerous findings that had never been observed by forensic pathologists. The previous two major space shuttle fatality incidents also presented unique and complex issues. The causes of these incidents are now identified and the environmental impacts on the astronauts were a major contributor to the tragedies. Even with the improvements learned from the losses of Apollo 1 (1967), the Challenger (1986), and the Columbia (2003), space flight continues to be one of the most dangerous professions and environmental factors are significant contributors to this threat. While many have now been explained, the myriad of environmental insults to the crew continues to be a source of interest for those involved in space flight. Most forensic pathologists will never be involved in a death investigation of astronauts at the edge of outer space, on a mission, or during training, yet the findings are nevertheless of interest in the field of environmental death.


1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Pitts ◽  
Clyde A. Sapp ◽  
Otha H. Vaughan

1994 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Glicksman ◽  
M.B. Koss ◽  
L.T. Bushnell ◽  
J.C. Lacombe ◽  
E.A. Winsa

AbstractDendritic growth is the most ubiquitous form of crystal growth encountered when metals and alloys solidify under low thermal gradients. The growth of thermal dendrites in pure melts is generally acknowledged to be controlled by the diffusive transport of latent heat from the moving crystal-melt interface into its supercooled melt. However, this formulation is incomplete, and the physics of an additional selection rule, coupled to the transport solution, is necessary to predict uniquely the dendrite tip velocity and radius of curvature as a function of the supercooling. Unfortunately, experimental confirmation or evidence is ambiguous, because dendritic growth can be severely complicated by buoyancy induced convection. Recent experiments performed in the microgravity environment of the space shuttle Columbia (STS-62) quantitatively show that convection alters tip velocities and radii of curvature of succinonitrile (SCN) dendrites. In addition, these data can be used to evaluate how well the Ivantsov diffusion solution, coupled to a scaling constant, matches the dendritic growth data under microgravity conditions.


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