SPACE-CENTRIC CONCEPT TO ANSWER TOMORROW SPACE CHALLENGE: A SMALL STEP FOR FUTURE SPACE LAW

Space activities have shown significant progress since they begin in the late '50s. Under current development, the U.S. with Artemis program and Luxembourg with its space mining program will enhance their outer space involvement. Most of those programs will elevate private sector involvement. Furthermore, the future space program will mainly intersect with the space environment as the primary consideration. It remains high-risk activities that could have catastrophic results if not regulated immediately. However, the current existing space law began obsolete because it was composed more than 50 years ago and too geocentric by putting the earth as the primary protection area. Consequently, existing space law could not govern future space programs properly, including protecting the space environment defense, Etc. Afterward, this paper will introduce the space-centric concept. Space-centric concepts create to answer future space challenges from legal perspectives. This concept emphasizes how future regulation and policy should cover all space objects equally, recalling outer space is vulnerable to such activities by humans, and how the best way to mitigate unforeseeable calamity on outer space.

Prospects for using near-Earth GNSS as an infrastructure for navigation support of Lunar missions

An increasing number of space agencies consider Moon exploration as a part of national and international space programs. Exploration plans include a distributed network of facilities on and around the Moon; opportunities for “driving force” projects based on the International Space Station program experience; and, on the whole, formation of the “Earth – low lunar orbit – Moon surface” payload traffic flow. The payload needs analysis shows that the cutting-edge Moon exploration program requires high quality navigation services (precise estimation of coordinates and velocity in near-real time). The subject of this paper is the issues of creating a navigation service based on the experience of the Russian segment of ISS and using the existing near-Earth GNSS systems as a navigation infrastructure.

Technologies for creating radiation-resistant VLSI

The technology of radiation-resistant CMOS VLSI is based on industrial IC technology. The design uses feedback circuits and guard rings to compensate for single effects of cosmic particles (SEE). In most critical cases, these influences in digital circuits lead to single faults (SEU), which temporarily disrupt the state of memory cells, to latching (SEL), and in the long term to a catastrophic change of state. Various space programs confirm great prospects for their use in future space structures. The article discusses the effects of using radiation-resistant CMOS technology, technology based on a silicon-on-sapphire structure, CMOS technology on an insulating substrate taking into account typical characteristics, SIMOX-SOI technology, which consists in separation by implantation of oxygen ions. In new designs of circuits, more advanced algorithms should be implemented for the future.

Penerapan Arsitektur Tropis pada Rest Area di Katoi Kabupaten Kolaka Utara

Rest area in Katoi North Kolaka Regency is a stopover / resting place. Designing a rest area that can adequate the needs of road users who travel far, with the aim as a means of accommodation that can meet the needs. When resting and can be a means of recreation for rest areausers. The approach method used in this research is a descriptive analysis method, namely by collecting, describing, compiling and analyzing data so that a planning and design program approach is obtained for further use in the preparation of space programs and the basic concepts of planning and design. Discussion produces a concept of design reference, namely macro concept, and micro concept. Macro concepts discuss references in determining location, managing site / site, circulation, basic shape and appearance of buildings, and the arrangement of outdoor spaces. While the micro concept discusses the reference on the needs that can support functions in the building, including facilities and infrastructure in the rest areabuilding. With the planning and design of rest areas, it is expected to be an adequate facility for Trans Sulawesi road as a means of accommodation for road users, so as to reduce the accident rate. The application of tropical architectural themes in rest areas is expected to overcome the problems posed by the climate. Tropical architecture can provide solutions to buildings through natural lighting and natural conditioning, so that comfort can be felt for its users.

The Legacy of the Wright State University Aerospace Medicine Residency Program

INTRODUCTION: In the mid-1970s, NASA required a robust training program for physicians responsible for the medical needs of the Shuttle astronauts. Personnel at NASA worked closely with academicians and subject matter experts at Wright State University (WSU) to develop and establish a residency program in aerospace medicine. This academic training program was initiated in 1978 and closed in 2018. The objective of this historical piece is to catalog, for posterity, the impact this training program has had on national and international human spaceflight and aviation. METHODS: A thorough review of all available historical documents and oral histories provided by contemporaries were reviewed in detail, including a search of every available residents thesis and all available historical documents and reports at WSU and NASA Headquarters. RESULTS: Over the past 40 yr, WSU has graduated 172 individuals with an M.S. degree focused on aerospace medicine, of which 84 were residents. Nearly 50 of these residents have worked closely with NASA. Many others became integrated into academia, the aviation industry, or international space programs. DISCUSSION: With the growth in interest for government and commercial spaceflight, the field of aerospace medicine is poised to grow. Although it is not well known outside of the Aerospace Medicine community, the legacy of this pioneering, 40-yr civilian-based program is of significant value. If not recorded in an easily locatable and accessible manner, many of the challenges and outcomes from this residency could be lost until future generations have to spend the money, time, and effort to relearn them. Doarn CR, Shimada K, Shepanek M. The legacy of the Wright State University Aerospace Medicine Residency program. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(9):744750.

Combining heritage and spirit of innovation

The paper provides an overview of the main activities of JSC NPO Lavochkin from the 30s of the last century till present, and also a description of promising projects. Diversified programs for development and production of space complexes for scientific investigations of deep and adjacent space objects are presented. For the 75th anniversary of the foundation of RSC Energia, touchpoints between the veteran space enterprises are discussed. Consideration is given to the issue of transferring the lunar and planetary subject of OKB-1 to the team of S.A. Lavochkin machine-building plant and assigning Georgy Nikolaevich Babakin to a position of the chief designer. The tasks being solved by spacecraft and the ways of their implementation are briefly analyzed. The near-term prospects of national and international space programs are outlined. Keywords: Lavochkin, Babakin, Luna, Venera, Mars series spacecraft, astrophysical observatories, hydrometeorological spacecraft, Fregat upper stage.

A Hummingbird in Space

Two distinct trends are apparent in the design and planning of satellite missions. Until the late 1990s, multibillion-dollar space programs centered on large satellites, such as Envisat [1], promised to provide a common platform to support a variety of co-located sensing equipment. A reduction in cost was expected, as several instruments shared a single bus and a single launch. These benefits did not materialize due to the rise of a plethora of engineering and scheduling problems: electromagnetic incompatibilities between diverse technologies; instruments inducing vibrations on the platform that affect other equipment; and deployment-ready instruments waiting for other equipment in earlier development stages. As a reaction to these issues, the second trend where programs based on single-instrument satellites of much smaller sizes and mass began to emerge, eventually leading to the deployment of space devices that nowadays we call small satellites [11].

Combining heritage and spirit of innovation

The paper provides an overview of the main activities of JSC NPO from the 1930s till present, and also a description of promising Diversified programs for development and production of space for For the of of scientific investigations the 75th anniversary of Lavochkin projects. complexes of deep and adjacent space objects are presented. veteran space enterprises the foundation are discussed. of RSC Energia, touchpoints between Consideration is given to the issue transferring the lunar and planetary subject of OKB-1 to the team S.A. Lavochkin machine-building plant and assigning Georgy Nikolaevich Babakin to a position of the chief designer. The tasks being solved by spacecraft and the ways of their implementation are briefly analyzed. The near-term prospects of national and international space programs are outlined.