Island Economies

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-96
Author(s):  
David Cressy
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Coastal Residents ◽  
Market Channel

This chapter reviews the material foundations of island life in agriculture, commerce, fishing, and foraging, amid the perils of offshore isolation. Island economies were predominantly maritime, yet every island featured farming, either for subsistence or for the market. Channel Islanders grew apples for cider and experimented with tobacco. On Scilly they were lucky to grow oats and run sheep. Inter-island trade linked the Irish Sea to the Channel, with extensions across northern Europe and the Atlantic. Among the goods traded were stockings knitted in Jersey and Guernsey, mainly from English wool. Piracy and smuggling were economic enterprises too, with volatile profits and high degrees of hazard. So too was the harvest of maritime wrecks, which provided windfall enrichment to coastal residents and island officials.

scholarly journals Distribution, extent of inter-annual variability and diet of the bloom-forming jellyfish Rhizostoma in European waters

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K.S. Lilley ◽  
J.D.R. Houghton ◽  
G.C. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Annual Variability ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Irish Sea

Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) are increasingly thought to play a number of important ecosystem roles, but often fundamental knowledge of their distribution, seasonality and inter-annual variability is lacking. Bloom forming species, due to their high densities, can have particularly intense trophic and socio-economic impacts. In northern Europe it is known that one particularly large (up to 30 kg wet weight) bloom forming jellyfish is Rhizostoma spp. Given the potential importance, we set out to review all known records from peer-reviewed and broader public literature of the jellyfish R. octopus (Linnaeus) and R. pulmo (Macri) (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomae) across western Europe. These data revealed distinct hotspots where regular Rhizostoma spp. aggregations appeared to form, with other sites characterized by occasional abundances and a widespread distribution of infrequent observations. Surveys of known R. octopus hotspots around the Irish Sea also revealed marked inter-annual variation with particularly high abundances forming during 2003. The location of such consistent aggregations and inter-annual variances are discussed in relation to physical, climatic and dietary variations.

The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors [Book Review]

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
John Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

Review(s) of: The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors, by MacQuarrie, Charles W., and Nagy, Joseph Falaky Nagy (eds), (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019) hardcover, 212 pages, 1 map, 4 figures, RRP euro99; ISBN 9789462989399.

scholarly journals Morphological abnormality in thornback ray Raja clavata in the Irish Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
Morphological Abnormality ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Head Section ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Raja Clavata ◽  
The Irish Sea

AbstractA free-swimming thornback ray Raja clavata specimen demonstrating significant morphological abnormality is reported, captured by beam trawl in the Irish Sea off north Wales, UK. The anterior sections of both pectoral fins were separated from the head section for a length of approximately 140 mm extending from the rostrum tip to a point posterior of the spiracles, along with abnormal morphology of the gill slits. This phenomenon has been observed elsewhere but is the first documented example of this abnormality in the eastern Irish Sea, despite widespread targeting of the species across the region by commercial and recreational fishers. Possible causes and consequences of the observed abnormality are discussed.

A detailed comparison of measured and modeled wind-driven currents in the North Channel of the Irish Sea

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (C9) ◽  
pp. 19683-19713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Davies ◽  
Philip Hall ◽  
M. John Howarth ◽  
Philip Knight ◽  
Rose Player
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Wind Driven Currents

scholarly journals Temporal trends in stock origin and abundance of juvenile herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1749-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóirín Burke ◽  
Deirdre Brophy ◽  
Pieter-Jan Schön ◽  
Pauline A. King
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
First Year ◽  
Juvenile Abundance ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Celtic Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Burke, N., Brophy, D., Schön, P-J., and King, P. A. 2009. Temporal trends in stock origin and abundance of juvenile herring (Clupea harengus) in the Irish Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1749–1753. Celtic Sea herring (Clupea harengus) larvae partly disperse into the Irish Sea, where they mix with the resident stock during their first year of life. This affects the reliability of the use of acoustic estimates of juvenile abundance on the Irish Sea nursery grounds as a recruitment index for use in stock predictions. Otolith microstructure analysis can be used to distinguish between autumn-spawned and winter-spawned individuals. Because winter spawners do not occur in the Irish Sea, this component can be assigned to Celtic Sea immigrants. We used this method to estimate the proportion of winter-spawned individuals in samples of age-1 herring from the western Irish Sea over a 10-year period (1993–2003), and subtracted a corresponding proportion from the acoustic age-1 abundance estimates. The adjusted index for autumn-spawned (supposedly Irish Sea) juveniles was significantly correlated with the abundance of age-3 fish from the same year class in commercial catches and in the acoustic surveys (p < 0.05 and <0.01, respectively), whereas the correlations for unadjusted indices were not significant. These findings are discussed in relation to the monitoring and assessment of herring in the two areas.

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