Morphological abnormality in thornback ray Raja clavata in the Irish Sea

A free-swimming thornback ray Raja clavata specimen demonstrating significant morphological abnormality is reported, captured by beam trawl in the Irish Sea off north Wales, UK. The anterior sections of both pectoral fins were separated from the head section for a length of approximately 140 mm extending from the rostrum tip to a point posterior of the spiracles, along with abnormal morphology of the gill slits. This phenomenon has been observed elsewhere but is the first documented example of this abnormality in the eastern Irish Sea, despite widespread targeting of the species across the region by commercial and recreational fishers. Possible causes and consequences of the observed abnormality are discussed.

Coastal and deep deformations of the riverbed in the area of a damless water intake

The paper analyzes the dynamics of planned and deep deformations on the section of the Amudarya River in the area of the damless water intake in the main structure of the Karshi Main Canal-KMC. The results of field studies of the state of the canal situation of the Amudarya River at the site of a damless water intake are studied. The course of riverbed processes in the riverbed is studied. Recommendations for improving water intake conditions have been developed. According to the results of the field survey and the study of the head section of the supply canal, the state of the Amudarya riverbed in the water intake zone was assessed. The results of surveys of the hydraulic and pumping modes of sediments of the Amudarya River in the area of the damless water intake are analyzed and summarized. The results of field studies of the canal situation of the Amudarya River in the water intake area in the Amudarya River KMC in the area of the Karshi head water intake are studied. The riverbed situation is not characterized by constant hydraulic characteristics over time for the same water flow rate, i.e. with the same water horizon marks, the flow rates may differ from each other by about half, and with the same flow rates, the horizon marks may vary up to ± 0.6 m. This is explained by the extreme instability and high mobility of the canal, and large deformations of the canal occur in a short time. The hydraulic regime of the river is characterized by a significant redistribution of speeds, depth and width of the flow. The range of their changes is within: Maximum speed >Vmax =2…5 m/s; average speed Vav = 0.5…2.5 m/s; depth H max = 4…14 m, Hav = 1…5 m; width B = 300…2000 m; slope i = 0.00016…0.0003. It is established that the characteristic feature of the river is that at a constant flow can have different average velocities depth and width, for example, when Qw = 1000 m3/s, respectively, v = 0.6…1.7m/s, B = 180…1030m, Hav = 1.1…4.3m.

Guttural pouch equine: topography and vascularization

The guttural pouch is a diverticulum of the auditory tube, the function of which hasn’t been fully understood yet. The work reveals the anatomy and topography of the guttural pouch. This knowledge is necessary for the treatment of mycosis of the guttural pouch, disease leading to toxic hepatitis. The examination includes postmortem dissection, sagittal head section, and cerebral bilateral angioradiography. The auditory tube diverticulum is a complex anatomical structure, consisting of a volumetric cavity, divided by the stylohyoid into rostral and caudal sections. Large maxillary, external and internal carotid arteries, some cranial nerves pass along the lateral wall of the diverticulum. The tissues of the wall of the diverticulum are affected by the angiotropic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The main role of the studied arteries in mycosis of the guttural pouch wall is to provide the pathogenic fungus with nutrients, which leads to destruction of vascular wall and lethal epistaxis. The placement of arteries near the most important cranial nerves causes the damage of them and the development of severe neurological disorders. The diameter of the arteries determines the choice of occlusive material for the surgical treatment of mycosis. Latin anatomical terminology corresponds to the 6th edition of the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature.

An Analytical Method for Calculating Nodal Loads in a Power Distribution Network

A method for calculating nodal loads with the known supply bus voltage the circuit head section current is developed. The electric network model is represented by the main section, in which the parameters of power transmission lines are known, and means for altering the circuit state are available. The state of the circuit can be altered by changing the supply bus voltage through adjusting the substation power transformer’s OLTC, by changing the parameters of power lines equipped with FACTS devices, or by a combination of both. The nodal voltages at the load nodes will be different in different states, with the power flows remaining unchanged. The advantage of the approach and its theoretical significance lie in the fact that all necessary relationships have been obtained analytically, and that the complex nonlinear problem has correctly been reduced to a set of linear operations. determined. The proposed approach can be used in locating unauthorized connections to the network.

Structure and properties of rails after extremely long-term operation

The paper reveals regularities and mechanisms of structure-phase states and properties formation of of differentially hardened 100-m rails of DT 350 category after the passed tonnage of 1411 mln. tons brutto. The formation of highly defective surface layer with nanosize (40–50 nm) grain-subgrain structure of pearlite colonies and submicrocrystal (150–250 nm) structure grains with structure free ferrite is detected. The change of hardness, microhardness, crystal lattice parameter, microdistorsion level, scalar and excess dislocation density on the rails head section are analyzed. The possible mechanisms of cementite plates’ transformation at extremely long-term operation are discussed.

Effect of Seed Position in the Pod on the Germination and Development of Telfairia occidentalis

This study was aimede effect of seed location in the pod on the germination and development of Telfairia occidentalis and to identify the portion of the seed pod that contain more female plants. This study was conducted at the Department of Botany experimental garden, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka during the 2019 planting season. There was five different seed location in the pod, the far-head (FH), near-head (NH), middle (M), far-tail (FT) and near-tail (NT) regions which were treated with poultry manure. The results of this study revealed that the location of seed in the seed pod of fluted pumpkin affects germination and vegetative growth. The growth parameter data results showed that the seeds located in the middle section of a pod of fluted pumpkin are far much better than those seeds collected from the head section in terms of length of vine, stem girth, a number of nodes number of leaves, leaf area, percentage of germination, fresh weight and dry weight. The results provide an important tool for the improvement of the yield of fluted pumpkin and also a foundation for numerous researches yet to come.

Fungsi dan Makna Desain Karakter Wayang Potehi Lakon Shi Jhin Kwie

The object of this research is to analyze the functions and meanings of the characters of Wayang Potehi or Potehi puppet by taking the play of Shi Jin Kwie. The play is a popular fiction story which was later adapted into the story of Prabu Lisanpuro in Javanese theater (ketoprak). The results of the research found the organology structure of Wayang Potehi. It consists of 2, namely (1) parts of the body; head, hand, feet, and (2) clothing; along with ornaments and additional accessories such as swords and hats. The head section can be identified as the interpretation of the puppet character. For instance, an antagonist character depicted as if he was using a Balinese leak mask with his mouth open and angry. The clothes could be the interpretation of social status. For example, the villagers wear plain clothes without ornaments, while the nobles use yellow, red clothing with a dragon/ phoenix pattern. There are 4 types of character design in this show, specifically (1) the firm/ wise character, (2) the entertaining character, (3) the functionaries/ officials/ priyayi character, (4) the antagonist character. Especially for entertaining characters, it has a dual function; to return the underlying causes of the story and become the spy of the enemy. The methods used in this research are personality theory and functional theory approaches. Keywords: potehi character design, Shi Jin Kwie, Function of potehi

First Record of The Burrowing Goby Trypuchen vagina from Pangpang Bay, Indonesia

The burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina, is recorded for the first time from the Pangpang Bay of Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Types of fish T. vagina is a type that has not published in Indonesia. This fish was caught using trap net in waters Pangpang Bay, which is an essential area in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of the morphology and fish habitat conditions shows that the region has a diversity of fish resources that need attention. This goby fish has a local name as fish bedhul picek due to the sense of sight on these fish as if it does not work. Eyes covered by skin and socket head section was not found their eyeballs. The body of the specimens is elongate and reddish-pink in fresh specimens in coloration. There is no barbel on the chin. Cycloid scales are present on the whole body except for the head. Muncar people commonly consume T.vagina. This fish has been food sources in several regions but uncommon at several local markets in Indonesia. The T.vagina inhabit at Pangpang Bay as the bay, which has the high primary productivity of these waters due to sufficient nutrient support. Enrichment of nutrient comes from the run-off land and also the input of the number of fishing activity (embankment). An earlier report said that this fish found in waters Banyu Asin, Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia. It also confirms that the fish found in this study are also living in a mud substrate that is reasonably smooth with right mangrove conditions around the bay, which close to Alas Purwo National Park.

The dynamic side of the Warburg effect: glycolytic intermediate storage as buffer for fluctuating glucose and O2 supply in tumor cells

Background: Tumor cells often show altered metabolism which supports uncontrolled proliferation. A classic example is the Warburg effect: high glucose uptake and lactate production despite sufficient oxygen supply. Remarkably, tumor cells can transiently take up glucose even an order of magnitude faster when glucose is reintroduced after depletion. Regulation and significance of this high glucose uptake are investigated here. Methods: A new computational model was developed which reproduces two types of experimental data on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: measurements by Otto Warburg of the average aerobic glycolytic rate during one hour (Warburg effect), and fast metabolic responses measured by others during the first minutes after reintroducing glucose. The model is subsequently extended with equations for glucose and O2 transport to predict the role of metabolism during fluctuations of blood flow in tumor tissue. Results: Model analysis reveals dynamic regulation of the head section of glycolysis where glucose uptake and phosphorylation occur. The head section is disinhibited slowly when concentrations of glycolytic intermediates fall, causing glucose uptake rate to considerably exceed that found by Warburg. The head section is partially inhibited in about a minute when sufficient glucose has been taken up. Simulations predict that tumors greedily take up glucose when blood flow resumes after periods of low flow. The cells then store glucose as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and other glycolytic intermediates. During subsequent periods of low flow that cause O2 and glucose depletion these stores are used for ATP production and biomass. Conclusions: The powerful glycolytic system in tumors not only synthesizes ATP at high steady rates, but can also store glycolytic intermediates to buffer temporary oxygen and nutrient shortages for up to 10 minutes. The head section of glycolysis in tumor cells, disinhibited during glucose shortages, becomes very efficient at stealing glucose from other cells, even at low glucose concentrations.