The Twelve Tones

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Drew Massey
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Additive Structure ◽  
Compositional Styles ◽  
Serial Works

Serialism retains its cachet as one of the most severe, learned styles to have been developed in the last one hundred years. Adès seldom uses serialism on its own, but rather in concert with other compositional techniques. For example, he opens The Four Quarters (2010) with a striking juxtaposition of serialism and isorhythm. In a somewhat different vein, Adès relies on what he calls a “magnetic” approach to serialism in Polaris (2010), which artfully masks intricate row relations behind a gradually additive structure. Taken as a whole, Adès’s serial works demonstrate his comfort with not only the history and techniques of serialism, but also the potential for certain strict compositional styles to achieve particular affective ends in diverse contexts.

CSim 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
David Sanan ◽  
Yongwang Zhao ◽  
Shang-Wei Lin ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Concurrent Systems ◽  
Theorem Prover ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Machine Code ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Hol Theorem Prover ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

To make feasible and scalable the verification of large and complex concurrent systems, it is necessary the use of compositional techniques even at the highest abstraction layers. When focusing on the lowest software abstraction layers, such as the implementation or the machine code, the high level of detail of those layers makes the direct verification of properties very difficult and expensive. It is therefore essential to use techniques allowing to simplify the verification on these layers. One technique to tackle this challenge is top-down verification where by means of simulation properties verified on top layers (representing abstract specifications of a system) are propagated down to the lowest layers (that are an implementation of the top layers). There is no need to say that simulation of concurrent systems implies a greater level of complexity, and having compositional techniques to check simulation between layers is also desirable when seeking for both feasibility and scalability of the refinement verification. In this article, we present CSim 2 a (compositional) rely-guarantee-based framework for the top-down verification of complex concurrent systems in the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover. CSim 2 uses CSimpl, a language with a high degree of expressiveness designed for the specification of concurrent programs. Thanks to its expressibility, CSimpl is able to model many of the features found in real world programming languages like exceptions, assertions, and procedures. CSim 2 provides a framework for the verification of rely-guarantee properties to compositionally reason on CSimpl specifications. Focusing on top-down verification, CSim 2 provides a simulation-based framework for the preservation of CSimpl rely-guarantee properties from specifications to implementations. By using the simulation framework, properties proven on the top layers (abstract specifications) are compositionally propagated down to the lowest layers (source or machine code) in each concurrent component of the system. Finally, we show the usability of CSim 2 by running a case study over two CSimpl specifications of an Arinc-653 communication service. In this case study, we prove a complex property on a specification, and we use CSim 2 to preserve the property on lower abstraction layers.

Dagger extension theorem

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ÉSIK ◽  
T. HAJGATÓ
Keyword(s):  
Unique Solution ◽  
Extension Theorem ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Iteration Theory ◽  
Additive Structure ◽  
Algebraic Theories ◽  
Constant Morphism

Partial iterative theories are algebraic theories such that for certain morphisms f the equation ξ = f ⋅ 〈ξ, 1p〉 has a unique solution. Iteration theories are algebraic theories satisfying a certain set of identities. We investigate some similarities between partial iterative theories and iteration theories.In our main result, we give a sufficient condition ensuring that the partially defined dagger operation of a partial iterative theory can be extended to a totally defined operation so that the resulting theory becomes an iteration theory. We show that this general extension theorem can be instantiated to prove that every Elgot iterative theory with at least one constant morphism 1 → 0 can be extended to an iteration theory. We also apply our main result to theories equipped with an additive structure.

scholarly journals MUSIC THEORY AT WORK: THE ETON CHOIRBOOK, RHYTHMIC PROPORTIONS AND MUSICAL NETWORKS IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 141-182
Author(s):  
Anne Heminger
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
Eton College ◽  
Musical Networks ◽  
College Library

Whilst scholars often rely on a close reading of the score to understand English musical style at the turn of the fifteenth century, a study of the compositional techniques composers were taught provides complementary evidence of how and why specific stylistic traits came to dominate this repertory. This essay examines the relationship between practical and theoretical sources in late medieval England, demonstrating a link between the writings of two Oxford-educated musicians, John Tucke and John Dygon, and the polyphonic repertory of the Eton Choirbook (Eton College Library, MS 178), compiled c. 1500–4. Select case studies from this manuscript suggest that compositional and notational solutions adopted at the turn of the fifteenth century, having to do particularly with metrical proportions, echo music-theoretical concepts elucidated by Tucke and Dygon. These findings impinge upon the current debate concerning the presence of a network between educational institutions in the south-east of England during this period.

Contested Terrain: Differing Interpretations of Co. Wicklow's Landscape

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Slater
Keyword(s):  
Native People ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Contested Terrain ◽  
Ideological Structure ◽  
The Way

This paper looks at how Irish landscape was interpreted in the mid 1800s, when modern tourism in Ireland began. It attempts to discover the ideological structures present in this appreciation of Irish landscape, and it does so in relation with the Hall's description of Co. Wicklow landscape. It argues that there are two ‘socially constructed’ ways to read Irish landscape, the picturesque and the oral interpretations, which create senses of detachment and attachment respectively to the local terrain. It explores in this context how the picturesque corresponds to the way an outsider wishes to gaze upon a landscape, either as a colonialising landlord or as a tourist. Although the picturesque excludes human work from its vision, it was manufactured in the demesnes of the landlord class according to compositional techniques. But the ideological structure of the beautiful aspect of the picturesque excludes the native people who actually live in the landscape, because they are seen as a source of disharmony. The native gaze, on the contrary, creates a sense of attachment to the local place.

scholarly journals Predictive Constructions Based on Measure-Valued Pólya Urn Processes

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2845
Author(s):  
Sandra Fortini ◽  
Sonia Petrone ◽  
Hristo Sariev
Keyword(s):  
Polish Space ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Transition Kernel ◽  
Urn Model ◽  
Additive Structure ◽  
Predictive Distributions ◽  
Pólya Urn ◽  
Random Weights ◽  
Random Transition ◽  
Polya Urn

Measure-valued Pólya urn processes (MVPP) are Markov chains with an additive structure that serve as an extension of the generalized k-color Pólya urn model towards a continuum of possible colors. We prove that, for any MVPP (μn)n≥0 on a Polish space X, the normalized sequence (μn/μn(X))n≥0 agrees with the marginal predictive distributions of some random process (Xn)n≥1. Moreover, μn=μn−1+RXn, n≥1, where x↦Rx is a random transition kernel on X; thus, if μn−1 represents the contents of an urn, then Xn denotes the color of the ball drawn with distribution μn−1/μn−1(X) and RXn—the subsequent reinforcement. In the case RXn=WnδXn, for some non-negative random weights W1,W2,…, the process (Xn)n≥1 is better understood as a randomly reinforced extension of Blackwell and MacQueen’s Pólya sequence. We study the asymptotic properties of the predictive distributions and the empirical frequencies of (Xn)n≥1 under different assumptions on the weights. We also investigate a generalization of the above models via a randomization of the law of the reinforcement.

scholarly journals Experimental Design for Optimization of Orthogonal Projection Pursuit Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 10235-10242
Author(s):  
Mojmir Mutny ◽  
Johannes Kirschner ◽  
Andreas Krause
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Orthogonal Projection ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Projection Pursuit ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Additive Structure

Bayesian optimization and kernelized bandit algorithms are widely used techniques for sequential black box function optimization with applications in parameter tuning, control, robotics among many others. To be effective in high dimensional settings, previous approaches make additional assumptions, for example on low-dimensional subspaces or an additive structure. In this work, we go beyond the additivity assumption and use an orthogonal projection pursuit regression model, which strictly generalizes additive models. We present a two-stage algorithm motivated by experimental design to first decorrelate the additive components. Subsequently, the bandit optimization benefits from the statistically efficient additive model. Our method provably decorrelates the fully additive model and achieves optimal sublinear simple regret in terms of the number of function evaluations. To prove the rotation recovery, we derive novel concentration inequalities for linear regression on subspaces. In addition, we specifically address the issue of acquisition function optimization and present two domain dependent efficient algorithms. We validate the algorithm numerically on synthetic as well as real-world optimization problems.

scholarly journals Deciphering Flavio Pereira’s Reading of Dostoevsky after the The House of the Dead

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Nedialkova ◽  
Bojin Nedialkov ◽  
Flávio Santos Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Program Music ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Brazilian Composer

This article provides a “dechiffrage” of the form, style, compositional techniques, and referential musical meanings employed by the Brazilian composer and pedagogue Flavio Santos Pereira in the composition of a seven-part suite entitled Reading of Dostoevsky, written in 2016 and based on the book The House of the Dead by Fyodor Dostoevsky. This chamber work is a premonitory work about the present pandemic time, which tests not only the human existential instincts and fears but also the spiritual, philosophical, and moral values upon which a mature and complete personality is built. The author manages to turn the economic structure of a dodecaphonic material into a source of polyphonic, polyrhythmic, stylistic, and timbre diversity. Oscillating and incremental textures, often reaching four-voice overlays, find their counterbalance in the asymmetric movements that synthesize complex subharmonic timbre combinations. The work can be classified as program music, as it employs characteristics of expressionist and impressionist styles mixed with free improvisatory polyphonic techniques. This paper also aims at inducing young performers to consider the paradigmatic model of “dechiffrage” for interpretation supported by stylistic and formal analysis based on classical and modern models. The article includes the full score of Reading of Dostoevsky by Flavio Santos Pereira.

scholarly journals I. B. KRAMER’S PIANO WORK IN THE ASPECT OF INTERRELATION OF PERFORMANCE AND COMPOSITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (58) ◽  
pp. 96-112
Author(s):  
Marianna Cherniavska
Keyword(s):  
Piano Pedagogy ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Chamber Works ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Piano Works ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Musical Thinking ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

Background. The article is devoted to the piano work of the famous English pianist, teacher and composer Johann Baptist Kramer (1771–1858), whose 250th anniversary is celebrated in 2021. I. B. Kramer, like other pianists of the late XVIII – early XIX centuries, tried to solve a significant problem – mastering the basics of composition, its laws, principles, techniques, their combination with the game nature and capabilities of the piano. Objectives. The purpose of the article is to reveal the relationship between performing and compositional means in I. B. Kramer’s piano works. Methods. The basis of the methodology is a systematic approach, through which musicological research methods are combined with historical ones. The main document of the era in the field of musicological research is the musical text, so the analysis of musical works is carried out from the standpoint of performance at the levels of performing technical means, musical thinking of the composer and performer. Other components of the texture, the development of its individual layers in the whole system, as well as the coverage of one or another feature of the playing nature of the piano are also taken into account. Conclusions. I. B. Kramer’s pedagogical system is considered, which is a system of technical means of performance, which contributed to the embodiment of the game nature of the instrument. In works of art, the composer used these techniques as needed to create a certain figurative sphere. Analyzed “Pathetic Fantasy” op. 87 (1837), four notebooks Suite – arrangements for piano chamber works of classical composers, where the composer embodied ensemble thinking on the piano, introduced the principles of dialogicity and comparison of registers as a method of artistic development of musical material. Results. Continuing the work of his teacher M. Clementi, I. B. Kramer contributed to the development of concert activities in Europe, the differentiation of pedagogy, performance and composition into independent musical activities. His methodical works and opuses of etudes were the basis of pedagogy for the next generations of pianists, defined the foundations of piano pedagogy as a scientific discipline. The piano instructional material created by I. B. Kramer allowed to master the techniques of piano playing in a short time. Along with L. V. Beethoven, I. B. Kramer made an important contribution to deepening the content of musical works by means of composer’s writing. The perfection of the presentation of piano technique had a positive effect on the development of compositional techniques in the works of the musician – the development of contrasting themes, the principles of development of musical material, the improvement of musical forms. The sphere of dramatic pathos and heroism defined the image of pathos in music, which corresponded to the possibilities of the instrument and at the same time contributed to the formation of a romantic style in piano art.

scholarly journals Methodical Expediency of Enrichment of Repertoire of the Beginning Pianist in Educational Institutions of the People’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Kang Yunyu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Compositional Techniques ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Piano Repertoire ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Russian Composers ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the activity of the teacher-musician on the choice of educational piano repertoire. Currently, in China, this practice is based almost exclusively on the empirical experience of teachers and is largely random, does not have sufficient methodical support. They use rather standard, so-called basic musical repertoire, especially at the initial level of piano training in the genre of a program play. At the same time, the individuality of the student, his personal qualities, promising musical development, genre and style diversity of works, certain methodological indications for study, motivational readiness are not adequately taken into account. There is an urgent need to expand the children’s piano repertoire in China, primarily through the musical works of composers from other countries, for example, the easy plays of Russian composers of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The article shows a specific example of the educational repertoire in children’s educational programs with effective performance of young musicians at concerts. Actions of the teacher-musician at the choice of this or that musical work inevitably actualize personal-creative and reflexive qualities, skills of the methodological analysis. The introduction of young musicians to the performance of music from other eras and national schools, familiarity with different compositional techniques and directions, painstaking individual selection of each play has a pronounced methodological, educational and motivational effect.

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