Narrative Ethics

Author(s):  
Eitan P. Fishbane

Zoharic narrative includes a strong ethical current, one in which the stories are presented as exempla of the virtuous and pious life. In this chapter we study a story-based moral discourse concerning a cluster of ethical ideals in the Zohar. These include the virtues of forgiveness; concern for the poor; hospitality; and the control of anger. These stories are studied through a lens adapted from the field of narrative ethics, a fertile integration of moral philosophy and literary studies.

Dialogue ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-685
Author(s):  
L. W. Sumner

Remember the fifties? That was, among other things, when it was outré for moral philosophers acutally to use moral discourse and de rigueur to theorize about its use. It was when we all read Stevenson and Hare and learned to believe that moral judgments had no truth values and were used to express emotion or to issue imperatives. It was when we came to realize that all previous moral philosophy rested on the mistake of supposing that moral judgments were propositions. How remote it all seems now. Today we write about social justice, sex, death, politics as though there were no question this might be improper. We no longer have the time and patience for the idler and more distant questions of the metalevel. It is correct certainly to call this progress but at a certain price. We tired of the old questions but we never learned how to answer them. The very grip of the noncognitivist fad made illuminating answers unlikely. Perhaps now that the fad is buried and forgotten we can go back to the issues and deal with them in a more fruitful manner.


2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Bowyer

There are broad commonalities between the projects of Donald MacKinnon (1913–1994) and Stanley Cavell (1926–) sufficient to make the claim that they struck an analogous pose in their respective contexts. This is not to discount their manifest differences. In the milieu of 1960s and 1970s Cambridge, MacKinnon argued in support of a qualified language of metaphysics in the service of a renewed catholic humanism and Christian socialism. At Harvard, Cavell articulated commitments that made him more at home in the world of North American secular political liberalism. Where Nietzsche, Hume, Freud, Heidegger, Emerson and Thoreau were Cavell’s inspirations, Butler, Kant, G. E. Moore, Collingwood and the New Testament were MacKinnon’s. For all the stark differences, commonalities abound and the reason for this can be traced to a shared appreciation of Austin’s contribution to the ‘lingusitic turn’ together with Wittgenstein’s later work. They both developed projects obsessed with the problem of scepticism together with a commitment to a creative re-animation of moral discourse in light of it, with MacKinnon defending a qualified ‘moral realism’, and Cavell, ‘moral perfectionism’. Seen together, a distinctive post-Kantian and post-Wittgensteinian therapeutic moral philosophy is in evidence.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wagner

If the notion of antipathy is of primary interest to psychology and moral philosophy, it concerns also literary studies in that it is sensitive to the question of axiology. Some fictional characters are thus designed to be disliked by readers. But what if it were the narrator? This article summons the problems of ethos, values and evaluative norms in order to tackle this question.


Author(s):  
Philipp Hunnekuhl

The introduction elaborates the key claim of the book, namely that Robinson was the most pioneering comparative critic in England during the early Romantic period. He developed a revolutionary theory of literature’s cross-cultural ethical relevance from his unrivalled understanding of Kantian and post-Kantian thought, the Anglo-French philosophical tradition, as well as his broad reading across English, German, and French literature, primarily. Robinson’s prescient 1802 critique of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads as generating non-didactic moral discourse emerges as the exemplary manifestation of his critical approach, according to which a poet’s aspiration to artistic disinterestedness, though never to be fulfilled entirely, may function as a catalyst for moral disinterestedness. The introduction further places this claim in its historical and present-day contexts – from Hazlitt, Schiller, and the Schlegels’ critical schools to Walter Benjamin’s dissertation on German Romantic criticism to the present ‘ethical turn’ in literary studies – before parcelling it out by means of chapter synopses. It also clarifies the terminology that Robinson applied, for instance ‘literator’ for his career choice of cross-cultural literary critic and disseminator – or comparatist, in today’s terms.


Author(s):  
Т.В. Федосеева

В статье исследуется вопрос о поэтическом выражении православного сознания в лирике С. А. Есенина 1910-х годов. Анализ избранных произведений осуществляется с применением методологии и терминологии, актуальной для современного литературоведения этнопоэтики. Материал исследования включает текст теоретического трактата «Ключи Марии» как итоговый для данного периода и определяющий для творческого метода поэта. Рассматриваются случаи жанрового влияния народной духовной поэзии на формально-содержательную характерность произведений Есенина. Выявляются пути развития в лирике поэта народнопоэтических жанровых моделей предания, сказания, духовной песни. Устанавливается ментальный уровень поэтики, определенный категориями «дарения и нищелюбия», «веры в чудо». В образе лирического героя выделяются в качестве характерологических мотивы странничества, греха, покаяния. В пространственно-временной и сюжетно-мотивной характерности произведений исследуемого периода выделяется мистериальная поэтика. Из лирического комплекса 1918–1919 годов выделяется сюжет, соотносимый с мотивами умирания и Божественного претворения плоти. Автор статьи приходит к выводу о необходимости уточнения выраженного в творчестве Есенина 1910-х годов типа художественного сознания термином «народное православие». Результаты проведенного исследования указывают на возможности дальнейшего изучения творчества поэта в предложенном направлении. The article investigates the issue of poetic manifestations of Christian worldview in S. A. Yesenin’s poetry in the 1910s. The analysis of selected poems is performed by means of ethnopoetics relevant for modern literary studies. The author of the article investigates the theoretical treatise “Maria’s Keys” as a work characteristic of the aforementioned period and of the poet’s creative method. The article treats the influence of religious folk poetry on the content and form of Yesenin’s verse. It investigates the way folk tales, legends and spiritual songs influenced Yesenin’s poetry. The article shows that Yesenin’s poems abound in such concepts as generosity, benevolence to the poor, belief in the reality of miracles. The lyrical hero of Yesenin’s poems is described through the prism of such concepts as pilgrimage, sin, repentance. The spatial, temporal, and thematic characteristics of Yesenin’s poems of the aforementioned period are mystery-related. Yesenin’s poems of 1918–1919 abound in motifs of death and resurrection. The author of the article maintains that it is not only feasible but also necessary to further investigate the motifs of folk Christianity characteristic of Yesenin’s works of the 1910s.


Dialogue ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Varden

ABSTRACTContrary to much Kant interpretation, this article argues that Kant's moral philosophy, including his account of charity, is irrelevant to justifying the state's right to redistribute material resources to secure the rights of dependents (the poor, children, and the impaired). The article also rejects the popular view that Kant either does not or cannot justify anything remotely similar to the liberal welfare state. A closer look at Kant's account of dependency relations in “The Doctrine of Right” reveals an argumentative structure sufficient for a public institutional protection of dependents and evidence that Kant identifies concerns of economic justice as lying at the heart of the state's legitimacy.


Author(s):  
Esther Engels Kroeker

This chapter presents Reid’s answers to three non-theistic implications of Hume’s moral philosophy. One non-theistic implication of Hume’s view is the claim that morality is tied to human nature, and is hence secular because it is autonomous from religious doctrines, beliefs, or motivations. Another implication is that the standard of morality is determined by human mental states and psychological processes, and hence renders all reference to an objective, mind-independent standard, unnecessary. A final implication, according to Hume, is that our human passions are not directed toward God, and hence that God is not the object of any human moral discourse. In response, Reid argues that the truth of moral principles is not relative to human nature and to natural human passions. It follows, Reid holds, that talk of a benevolent God is intelligible. Reid’s explicit objective is to criticize not only Hume’s moral philosophy, but also his moral atheism.


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