Over Depression and Mood Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Gia Chodzen ◽  
Vickie M. Mays ◽  
Susan D. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research Domain

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults have rates of depressive disorders that are higher than those of cisgender or heterosexual adults. These differences are likely due to the ways that SGMs are treated both on an individual and population basis. This chapter begins by discussing evolving conceptualizations of depressive disorders among SGMs with a focus on the dimensionality in symptomatology. Insights are provided into the ways that differences in risk for depressive disorders occur in SGMs by subpopulations with a focus on gender, developmental stages, and geographic context. The authors discuss social risks, examining the ways in which stigma, discrimination, and early life adversity can contribute to depressive disorders in SGMs. This provides a basis for researchers and clinicians to explore and include structural and societal change in addressing mental health disorders in SGMs. The authors also discuss the comorbidity of depressive disorders with several chronic health conditions with particular regard to the health inequities that some subpopulations of SGMs face. Adopting an intersectional approach is useful in studying depressive disorders among SGMs, and the authors suggest pairing this approach with the National Institute of Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Future directions are suggested to researchers and clinicians to reduce risks of depressive distress in SGM subpopulations.

Epilogue: Challenges in Research Methods and Future Directions on Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
David M. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Minority Mental Health ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

This chapter is focused on the challenges that face researchers who are investigating the mental health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. The chapter provides an overview of predominant frameworks and theories guiding research on the mental health of SGM individuals in order to highlight the methodological challenges that stem from these guiding frameworks and theories. Although there are challenges specific to certain subgroups within the broader SGM population, this chapter focuses on common challenges that are widely applicable within the field. The author concludes with suggestions for future research that aims to improve the field’s ability to understand and address mental health disparities continuing to face diverse SGM populations.

Mental Health for Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals with Physical or Cognitive Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
Meredith R. Maroney ◽  
Mallaigh McGinley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Health Experiences ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

This chapter explores the mental health experiences and needs of sexual and gender minority individuals with disabilities. The authors review the evidence-based research on mental health, highlighting the role of stigma, discrimination, and barriers to care. Autistic sexual and gender minority individuals are used to illustrate the unique experiences of subgroups. Much of the research on this topic is exploratory or descriptive in nature, focused on the experiences of and prevalence rates of individuals from sexual and gender minorities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions for research, and the importance of centering the voices of sexual and gender minority individuals with disabilities in research and practice whenever possible.

The Intersections of Physical and Mental Health among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-393
Author(s):  
Michele J. Eliason
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Adverse Childhood Events ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

There is considerable evidence of health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the areas of physical health and disability, mental health and suicidality, substance use and abuse, and access to care. However, little research has considered the possibility that disorders might concentrate in subgroups of SGMs with the greatest levels of minority stress over time or those who have experienced the greatest number of adverse childhood events. This chapter examines the scant evidence that physical and mental health disorders coexist in some SGM individuals and offers some critique of the existing research. Future directions for research are proposed.

Personality Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Julie Prud’homme ◽  
Christina L. Robillard ◽  
Brianna J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Research examining the prevalence, impact, and course of personality disorders in sexual and gender minority populations is sparse; however, the available literature suggests that personality pathology is more prevalent in sexual and gender minorities compared to those who identify as heterosexual and/or cisgender. Although research is limited, several competing hypotheses have attempted to explain this disparity, including environmental, developmental, minority stress, and dual marginalization theories, as well as critical theories that point to possible roles of diagnostic, clinician, and cultural biases. This chapter highlights three critical future directions. First, rigorous longitudinal research needs to be conducted to evaluate competing etiological hypotheses of personality disorders in sexual and gender minorities. Second, future personality research should examine through an intersectional lens how additional aspects of one’s identity (e.g., ethnicity, class) interact with sexual orientation and gender to influence the experiences of these groups. Finally, clinicians and researchers must be sensitive to both the need to accurately document personality pathology, and the need to avoid unnecessarily pathologizing the experiences of sexual and gender minorities. Ultimately, addressing these future directions would enhance clinicians’ and researchers’ understanding of and ability to respond to the mental health needs of sexual and gender minority populations.

Trauma among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
David W. Pantalone ◽  
Kaitlyn R. Gorman ◽  
Erin T. Pereida ◽  
Sarah E. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Interpersonal Victimization ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

This chapter describes the current state of the literature on trauma in sexual minority and transgender and gender-diverse populations. The authors begin by critically defining “trauma” and highlighting some consequences of the way trauma is defined. The authors describe how the subsequent mental health responses are understood and categorized psychiatrically (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder). The authors describe relevant theoretical contributions to the literature on the cumulative burden of stress on sexual and gender minority individuals. Epidemiologic data are presented showing that trauma—especially in the form of interpersonal victimization—is an unfortunately common experience in the lives of sexual and gender minority individuals, especially those who hold additional devalued and stigmatized identities, such as being a racial or ethnic minority in addition to having a sexual and gender minority identity. Suggestions are presented for future directions for the field of trauma research among sexual and gender minority populations.

scholarly journals The Global Impact of HIV on Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Charles A. Emlet ◽  
Kelly K. O’Brien ◽  
Karen Fredriksen Goldsen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Nations Programme ◽  
United Nations Programme ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv

According to Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Older adults, those aged 50 years and older, with HIV are increasing worldwide; however, the prevalence and incidence differ substantially across regions. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of how HIV is impacting older adults globally, with a focus on sexual and gender minority older adults. The article is organized using the eight geographical regions from UNAIDS, with information on the prevalence and incidence among older adults. Among sexual and gender minority older adults, key risks are identified, including laws that criminalize same-sex relationships; issues of stigma and fear; and the concomitant lack of access and barriers to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention. Progress within each region toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is included, and suggestions for future directions of research and service delivery are made.

Daily stressors and diurnal cortisol among sexual and gender minority young adults.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson S. Figueroa ◽  
Peggy M. Zoccola ◽  
Andrew W. Manigault ◽  
Katrina R. Hamilton ◽  
Matt C. Scanlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender
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