Personality Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Julie Prud’homme ◽  
Christina L. Robillard ◽  
Brianna J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Research examining the prevalence, impact, and course of personality disorders in sexual and gender minority populations is sparse; however, the available literature suggests that personality pathology is more prevalent in sexual and gender minorities compared to those who identify as heterosexual and/or cisgender. Although research is limited, several competing hypotheses have attempted to explain this disparity, including environmental, developmental, minority stress, and dual marginalization theories, as well as critical theories that point to possible roles of diagnostic, clinician, and cultural biases. This chapter highlights three critical future directions. First, rigorous longitudinal research needs to be conducted to evaluate competing etiological hypotheses of personality disorders in sexual and gender minorities. Second, future personality research should examine through an intersectional lens how additional aspects of one’s identity (e.g., ethnicity, class) interact with sexual orientation and gender to influence the experiences of these groups. Finally, clinicians and researchers must be sensitive to both the need to accurately document personality pathology, and the need to avoid unnecessarily pathologizing the experiences of sexual and gender minorities. Ultimately, addressing these future directions would enhance clinicians’ and researchers’ understanding of and ability to respond to the mental health needs of sexual and gender minority populations.

Mental Health for Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals with Physical or Cognitive Disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
Meredith R. Maroney ◽  
Mallaigh McGinley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Health Experiences ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

This chapter explores the mental health experiences and needs of sexual and gender minority individuals with disabilities. The authors review the evidence-based research on mental health, highlighting the role of stigma, discrimination, and barriers to care. Autistic sexual and gender minority individuals are used to illustrate the unique experiences of subgroups. Much of the research on this topic is exploratory or descriptive in nature, focused on the experiences of and prevalence rates of individuals from sexual and gender minorities. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions for research, and the importance of centering the voices of sexual and gender minority individuals with disabilities in research and practice whenever possible.

Nicotine Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Alicia K. Matthews ◽  
Cherdsak Duangchan ◽  
Chien-Ching Li
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

The prevalence of tobacco use disorders among sexual and gender minorities remains consistently high despite the overall reduction of tobacco use in the United States and other parts of the world. This chapter begins by describing the criteria for tobacco use disorders in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The authors discuss rates of tobacco use based on sexual orientation and gender identity and summarize the literature describing risk and protective factors for tobacco use among sexual and gender minorities. Strategies are highlighted for reducing the overall public health threat of tobacco use in sexual and gender minority populations.

scholarly journals Assessing mental health signals among sexual and gender minorities using Twitter data

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 765-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Zhao ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Xing He ◽  
Yonghui Wu ◽  
Xi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Minority People

Sexual and gender minorities face extreme challenges that breed stigma with alarming consequences damaging their mental health. Nevertheless, sexual and gender minority people and their mental health needs remain little understood. Because of stigma, sexual and gender minorities are often unwilling to self-identify themselves as sexual and gender minorities when asked. However, social media have become popular platforms for health-related researches. We first explored methods to find sexual and gender minorities through their self-identifying tweets, and further classified them into 11 sexual and gender minority subgroups. We then analyzed mental health signals extracted from these sexual and gender minorities’ Twitter timelines using a lexicon-based analysis method. We found that (1) sexual and gender minorities expressed more negative feelings, (2) the difference between sexual and gender minority and non-sexual and gender minority people is shrinking after 2015, (3) there are differences among sexual and gender minorities lived in different geographic regions, (4) sexual and gender minorities lived in states with sexual and gender minority-related protection laws and policies expressed more positive emotions, and (5) sexual and gender minorities expressed different levels of mental health signals across different sexual and gender minority subgroups.

scholarly journals A systematic review of stigma in sexual and gender minority health interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1200-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K Layland ◽  
Joseph A Carter ◽  
Nicholas S Perry ◽  
Jorge Cienfuegos-Szalay ◽  
Kimberly M Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Stigma against sexual and gender minorities is a major driver of health disparities. Psychological and behavioral interventions that do not address the stigma experienced by sexual and gender minorities may be less efficacious. We conducted a systematic review of existing psychological and behavioral health interventions for sexual and gender minorities to investigate how interventions target sexual and gender minority stigma and consider how stigma could affect intervention efficacy. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eligible studies were peer reviewed and published in English between January 2003 and July 2019 and reported empirical results of behavioral or psychological interventions implemented among sexual and gender minorities. All interventions addressed stigma. We identified 37 eligible interventions. Most interventions targeted sexual minority men. Interventions were frequently developed or adapted for implementation among sexual and gender minorities and addressed multiple levels and types of stigma. Interventions most frequently targeted proximal stressors, including internalized and anticipated stigma. HIV and mental health were the most commonly targeted health outcomes. A limited number of studies investigated the moderating or mediating effects of stigma on intervention efficacy. The application of an intersectional framework was frequently absent and rarely amounted to addressing sources of stigma beyond sexual and gender minority identities. A growing number of interventions address sexual and gender minority stigma in an effort to prevent deleterious health effects. Future research is needed to assess whether stigma modifies the effectiveness of existing psychological and behavioral interventions among sexual and gender minorities. Further, the application of intersectional frameworks is needed to more comprehensively intervene on multiple, intersecting sources of stigma faced by the diverse sexual and gender minority community.

Inclusivity Across Exercise Oncology: A Focus on Sexual and Gender Minorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Frank S. Fox ◽  
Mary K. Norris ◽  
Christina M. Dieli-Conwright
Keyword(s):  
Minority Populations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Exercise Oncology ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

ABSTRACT Research regarding exercise oncology has progressed to include racial and ethnic minority populations in an effort to identify and address disparities, however sexual and gender minorities remain severely underrepresented. Sexual and gender minorities face unique barriers across the healthcare spectrum and are less likely to engage in clinical trials, limiting information gathered about prevalence of cancer, risk of cancer, and effects of exercise on cancer outcomes. In this narrative we will discuss the gap in oncological literature as it pertains to sexual and gender minorities including introducing and defining sexual and gender minority nomenclature, highlighting elevated cancer risks and survivorship trends, as well as a focus on lifestyle modifiable behaviors like exercise to explore potential targeted outcomes and barriers to participation to date.

The Intersections of Physical and Mental Health among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-393
Author(s):  
Michele J. Eliason
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Adverse Childhood Events ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

There is considerable evidence of health disparities among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the areas of physical health and disability, mental health and suicidality, substance use and abuse, and access to care. However, little research has considered the possibility that disorders might concentrate in subgroups of SGMs with the greatest levels of minority stress over time or those who have experienced the greatest number of adverse childhood events. This chapter examines the scant evidence that physical and mental health disorders coexist in some SGM individuals and offers some critique of the existing research. Future directions for research are proposed.

Trauma among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
David W. Pantalone ◽  
Kaitlyn R. Gorman ◽  
Erin T. Pereida ◽  
Sarah E. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Interpersonal Victimization ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

This chapter describes the current state of the literature on trauma in sexual minority and transgender and gender-diverse populations. The authors begin by critically defining “trauma” and highlighting some consequences of the way trauma is defined. The authors describe how the subsequent mental health responses are understood and categorized psychiatrically (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder). The authors describe relevant theoretical contributions to the literature on the cumulative burden of stress on sexual and gender minority individuals. Epidemiologic data are presented showing that trauma—especially in the form of interpersonal victimization—is an unfortunately common experience in the lives of sexual and gender minority individuals, especially those who hold additional devalued and stigmatized identities, such as being a racial or ethnic minority in addition to having a sexual and gender minority identity. Suggestions are presented for future directions for the field of trauma research among sexual and gender minority populations.

Sexual Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-145
Author(s):  
Heather L. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Sexual disorders and dysfunction are common among people of all sexual orientations and gender identities. And while definitions and conceptions of sexual health are typically broad, the clinical and research perspectives on sexual function and dysfunction have traditionally relied on the four-phase model of sexual response and disorders are generally classified as “male” or “female.” This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria for specific sexual dysfunctions and presents a summary of existing research among sexual and gender minority populations. Overall, research on sexual dysfunction among sexual and gender minority people is limited, and this is especially true for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. Understanding these often complex disorders requires that individuals, clinicians, and researchers consider a range of biopsychosocial factors that can affect and be affected by one’s sexual health and sexuality.

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