In Closing
This chapter summarizes the key contributions offered by the authors of the present volume and calls on social scientists to open up the many black boxes that may prevent further understanding of complex energy-society systems, and to use those insights in energy planning. It discusses some of the book’s major themes with respect to energy supply and demand, focusing on the pressures and opportunities for continued development of fossil-fuel resources, the agreement among authors that renewable energy will not be a panacea, the link between energy poverty and climate justice, and the overriding tendency to attribute responsibility for changing energy consumption to middle-class families by voluntary means. The chapter also considers the influence of shifts in supply and demand on markets, politics, and governance, along with the implications of technological optimism for energy-society relations.