Computational Intelligence Method for Detection of White Blood Cells Using Hybrid of Convolutional Deep Learning and SIFT

Infection diseases are among the top global issues with negative impacts on health, economy, and society as a whole. One of the most effective ways to detect these diseases is done by analysing the microscopic images of blood cells. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are now widely used to detect these blood cells and explore their structures. In recent years, deep learning architectures have been utilized as they are powerful tools for big data analysis. In this work, we are presenting a deep neural network for processing of microscopic images of blood cells. Processing these images is particularly important as white blood cells and their structures are being used to diagnose different diseases. In this research, we design and implement a reliable processing system for blood samples and classify five different types of white blood cells in microscopic images. We use the Gram-Schmidt algorithm for segmentation purposes. For the classification of different types of white blood cells, we combine Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature detection technique with a deep convolutional neural network. To evaluate our work, we tested our method on LISC and WBCis databases. We achieved 95.84% and 97.33% accuracy of segmentation for these data sets, respectively. Our work illustrates that deep learning models can be promising in designing and developing a reliable system for microscopic image processing.

Analyze the usage of urban greenways through social media images and computer vision

Urban greenway is an emerging form of urban landscape offering multifaceted benefits to public health, economy, and ecology. However, the usage and user experiences of greenways are often challenging to measure because it is costly to survey such large areas. Based on the online postings from Instagram in 2017, this paper used Computer Vision (CV) technology to analyze and compare how the general public uses two typical greenway parks, The High Line in New York City and the Atlanta Beltline in Atlanta. Face and object detection analysis were conducted to infer user composition, activities, and key experiences. We presented the temporal patterns of Instagram postings as well as the group gatherings, smiling, and representative objects detected from photos. Our results have shown high user engagement levels for both parks while teens are significantly underrepresented. The High Line had more group activities and was more active during weekdays than the Atlanta Beltline. Stronger sense of escape and physical activities can be found in Atlanta Beltline. In summary, social media images like Instagram can provide strong empirical evidence for urban greenway usage when combined with artificial intelligence technologies, which can support the future practice of landscape architecture and urban design.

Full Validation of A New Formula Estimating The Smoking Economic Burden By Morbidity

Introduction: In the Health Economy research context usually researches are assuming that the probability of the morbidity attributable to smoking is equal to the probability of the health spend attributable to smoking. Also is attributed the whole health spend because of active smokers to smoking. To solve this limitation, the authors suggested a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility from a new rate to measure the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Methods: Was made a bibliographic research to describe the estimation process from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Were utilized as theoretical method the analysis and synthesis, the comparative and the systematization. As empiric methods were used the Principle of Multiplication and the bibliographic research. Results: The rate designed solves the limitation identified during the research about the estimation of the smoking economic burden by morbidity. Conclusion: The new rate will provide a better estimation from the smoking economic burden by morbidity. It application will may identify the role of active smokers and passive smokers in the formation of the smoking economic burden. However, it application must be agree to the supposes identified.

Media discourse in China and Japan on the COVID-19 pandemic: comparative analysis of the first three months

Purpose This study aims to analyze how English-language versions of e-newspapers in the first two countries affected, China and Japan, which are non-English-speaking countries and have different socio-economic and political settings, have highlighted Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic news and informed the global community. Design/methodology/approach A text-mining approach was used to explore experts’ thoughts as published by the two leading English-language newspapers in China and Japan from January to March 2020. This study analyzes the Opinion section, which mainly comprises editorial and the op-ed section. The current study groups all editorial discussions and highlights into ten major aspects, which cover health, economy, politics, culture and others. Findings Within the first three months, the media in both China and Japan shifted their focus from health and preparedness to the economy, politics and social welfare. Governance and social welfare were key concerns in China’s news media, while, in contrast, global politics received the highest level of attention from experts in Japan’s news media. Environment and technologies aspects did not receive much attention by the expert’s columns. Originality/value At the initial stage of a world crisis, how leading nations and initially affected nations deal with the problem, how media play their role and guide mass population with experts’ thoughts are highlighted here. The understanding developed in this study can provide guidance to news media in other countries in playing effective roles in the management of this health crisis and catastrophes.

America's Energy Gamble

How can America get back to an energy transition that's good for the economy and the environment? That's the question at the heart of this eye-opening and richly informative dissection of the Trump administration's energy policy. The policy was ardently pro-fossil fuel and ferociously anti-regulation, implemented by manipulating science and economic analysis, putting oil and gas insiders at the helm of environmental agencies, and hacking away at democratic norms that once enjoyed bipartisan support. The impacts on the nation's health, economy, and environment were - as this book carefully demonstrates - dire. But the damage can be reversed. Ordinary Americans, civil society groups, environmental professionals, and politicians at every level all have parts to play in making sure the needed energy transition leaves no one behind. This compelling book will appeal to course instructors and students, government and industry officials, activists and journalists, and everyone concerned about the nation's future.

Vertical integration of primary care practices with acute hospitals in England and Wales: why, how and so what? Findings from a qualitative, rapid evaluation

ObjectivesTo understand the rationale, implementation and early impact of vertical integration between primary care medical practices and the organisations running acute hospitals in the National Health Service in England and Wales.Design and settingA qualitative, cross-comparative case study evaluation at two sites in England and one in Wales, consisting of interviews with stakeholders at the sites, alongside observations of strategic meetings and analysis of key documents.ResultsWe interviewed 52 stakeholders across the three sites in the second half of 2019 and observed four meetings from late 2019 to early 2020 (further observation was prevented by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic). The single most important driver of vertical integration was found to be to maintain primary care local to where patients live and thereby manage demand pressure on acute hospital services, especially emergency care. The opportunities created by maintaining local primary care providers—to develop patient services in primary care settings and better integrate them with secondary care—were exploited to differing degrees across the sites. There were notable differences between sites in operational and management arrangements, and in organisational and clinical integration. Closer organisational integration was attributed to previous good relationships between primary and secondary care locally, and to historical planning and preparation towards integrated working across the local health economy. The net impact of vertical integration on health system costs is argued by local stakeholders to be beneficial.ConclusionsVertical integration is a valuable option when primary care practices are at risk of closing, and may be a route to better integration of patient care. But it is not the only route and vertical integration is not attractive to all primary care physicians. A future evaluation of vertical integration is intended; of patients’ experience and of the impact on secondary care service utilisation.

The Use of Digital Phenotyping in Mental Health Services: Opportunities, Ethical and Legal Issues

The widespread use of smartphones, mobile devices, wearable technology, and the increase in time online has provided the opportunity to collect data about users continuously. Several sectors such as health, economy, and entertainment have benefitted from the digital traces left by users due to the tight interactions on digital platforms. Today, it is likely to determine and predict users' moods, behavioral patterns, habits, and personality traits with the use of digital traces that are processed using artificial intelligence techniques. Such use of digital data offers new opportunities for mental health services. Today with this method, it is possible to obtain simultaneous data on the course of the psychological disorder and create a complete and more holistic picture of the disorder by accessing data that can not be obtained from self-report assessment techniques. This new approach, which is called digital phenotyping, can improve the objectivity in diagnosis. Studies have proven digital phenotyping’s potential to determine disorders' recurrence risk and make psychometric predictions. The studies have indicated the promising future of digital phenotyping in mental health services since the initial discussions by Jain et al. in 2015. It is reported that digital phenotyping can be used to diagnose and follow certain mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia at an early stage. However, ethical concerns such as privacy, autonomy, data security, and data confidentiality are among the critical issues surrounding the use of digital phenotyping. This paper includes essential information about the digital phenotyping method, discussions about the practical, legal and ethical concerns regarding the use of digital phenotyping in mental health services, and suggestions for future research. Keywords: Digital phenotyping, mental health, smartphone, digital data, mental health services

Social Media Use and Expectations in the Teaching and Learning Process: The Opinions of the Faculty Members

Nowadays, social media tools used in all fields such as politics, health, economy, transportation, public services are also used in the learning and teaching process. The main aim of this research is to investigate academic administrators’ and faculty members’ perceptions concerning the reasons and the expectations of social media usage in the teaching and learning process. With this purpose, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 20 academic teaching faculty members from different academic units, titles, and positions at Aksaray University in Turkey. According to the findings of this research, the use of social media in the teaching and learning process was similar in terms of faculty that use or not use. In this study, both the benefits and challenges of using social media for teaching and learning purposes were identified. It has been determined that the faculty members who use social media prefer YouTube most and even the ones against find YouTube useful and use them effectively in their courses. The motives stated by the faculty that use social media were; student-centered reasons such as students’ preference to use these environments, contributing to students’ perceptions and learning, fast and effective communication with students, as well as accessibility and equal opportunities in education. Those who do not prefer to use social media claimed the students’ unethical behavior in these platforms, the difficulty of creating a traditional classroom environment, and maintaining the relationship between the learner and the teacher. As a result, in order to integrate social media tools with the teaching and learning process, it is necessary to raise awareness of faculty members and students and to use social media tools that have a code of ethics, appropriate and can be integrated into the learning environments.

Surveillance utilizes multi-omics in cardiovascular disease: Diet and its potentiality in Preventive index

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is characterized by multidimensional risks including drug, diet, lifestyle, stress, and metabolomics diseases which cause mortality and morbidity depending on age and status of chronic diseases. However, emerging evidence indicated it is preventable health complications that depend on risk management along with lifestyle change, and personalized medication that include alternative measures like Diet use following molecular diagnostic and imaging analysis. CVD is mainly attributed to the narrowing of blood vessels through atherosclerotic lesions and/or thrombosis. Hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for the development of CVD and treating these diseases is essential in slowing down progression of CVD. Inflammation appears to play a pivotal role in CVD and can be measured through a simple blood assay (CRP). Multi-omics approaches have been essential in the development of treatments for CVD, in the prevention of CVD, and in the diagnosis of CVD. There are many outcomes available to help with diagnosing CVD and omics platforms have helped scientists and clinician develop these diagnostic tools. Radiomics has played a key part in the diagnosis of CVD as being able to view the diseased heart is essential in determining CVD progression and the treatment options suitable for that secondary disease related. Nutrigenomics is emerging as the future of medicine such as utilizing treatment strategy innovation instead of medications, but it is still in its infancy. Nutrigenomics will open the doors to different therapeutic drug targets and allow us the ability to be more specific in our treatment options. There are only a few gene-diet interactions documented that increase a person’s chances of developing CVD. Curating an individual diet and treatment plan based on somebody’s genetic disposition or skewed immune responses following personalized diagnosis will be essential in the survival of these severe CVD patients. Key issues referring to risk surveillance and prevention is a distant approach which reflects several factors: for example, what type of tools can be used to conduct diagnosis, molecular diagnostic tools detect what type of biomarkers are present prior to prescribing the personalized diet and to ensure diagnostic accuracy. Recently, increasing findings emphasize dual aspects of diet such as immune enhancers and modulators in which gut microbiota has been proven to play a major factor in development of CVD. The future direction of omics studies will foster the ability to test the impact of gut microbiome of a patient with CVD following diet driven organ protection as well as prescribe essential components of the diet that can be adjusted with proper probiotic medication. Proper diet adjustments can correct the organ dysfunction that occurred due to interaction between molecular mismatch and cellular damage following stress-mediated damage or chronic disease. Further micro-scale assays and molecular diagnostic techniques following nutrigenomics application to the patient could be beneficial to allow patient’ care shift from physician driven and clinic based to self-management with knowledge based at home treatment programs that work by envisioning molecular reprogramming and rejuvenation of damaged organ. These at home treatments can be utilized with development of radiological data with innovation of software. The aim of the short review is to visualize the current role of nutrigenomics and diet formulation for integrative care (e.g., diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD) which would take advantage of earlier prevention synchronized with current medical tests, imaging techniques. Health economy like management can reduce medical cost with disease prevention disease and could modulate the following: enhance knowledge-based interaction between body and diet, discuss cognitive enhancement how sensing with molecular behavior under image-management platform, monitor drug surveillance of current treatment options in CVD and the pitfalls of current omics application and data transformation needs for patient care in the future.

Importance from the Postgraduate Upping in Financial Administration Subjects for Health Educational Managers

Background: The real available from economic resources determines the capacity from the Public Health and the Education to support their demanded services. In that way the postgraduate upping is very important and health educational managers continue needing a sufficient upping in financial management in rational terms across the taking decisions process since the Health Economy. Objective: To describe the importance from the postgraduate upping in financial administration subjects for health educational managers. Materials and methods: Were utilized the inductive – deductive and the comparative as theorical methods. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research. Results: Health educational managers are taking economic decisions constantly. The postgraduate forming in results optimization terms´ across the taking decision process must provide to health educational managers the strategies and methodologies scientifically supported for the best management process. Conclusions: Best use from the health educational institutions budget´s is a main necessity for respective managers. The role from the postgraduate education in this context is very important for the complementary upping for health educational managers