Fable and Allegory

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Gillian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aphra Behn ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anne Finch

Between the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, fable—already a well-established didactic mode, often directed towards children—came increasingly to be used for satirical purposes. The work of three important writers—Aphra Behn, John Dryden, and Anne Finch—illustrates both the range and the particularity of fables during this period. While, collectively, these poets’ work differs greatly in terms of form, style, and appropriative methods, all three were strong royalists (later Jacobites) whose fables were devised to serve broadly pro-Stuart ends. This chapter investigates why fable rose to prominence during the fraught years before and after the 1688 Revolution, and how its literary properties were differentially exploited by Behn, Dryden, and Finch (given the varying political and publishing circumstances in which each was working). It also considers the reasons for the decline of the satirical fable in the mid-eighteenth century.

‘The Great Business of Poetry’: Poets, Pastoral, and Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. M. Ezell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Daniel Defoe ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Women Poets ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Anne Finch

Many poets first appeared in print in miscellanies published by John Dryden and Jacob Tonson that appeared in the 1690s and continued to be published through the first two decades of the eighteenth century, Others first appeared in periodicals such as the Spectator and the Guardian. Women poets including Mary Mollineux, Sarah Fyge, Elizabeth Singer Rowe, Mary Chudleigh, and Anne Finch published book-length collections. Among the most popular poetic forms were the Pindaric ode and the pastoral, some poets attempting to match classical models, others such as Gay making mocking use of the pastoral to comment on contemporary life. Isaac Watts published important and influential collections of hymns. Daniel Defoe published his longest satire, Jure Divino. Our view of many popular poets of this decade, however, including John Dennis, Thomas Tickell, Richard Blackmore, and Ambrose Philips, has been through the lens of Alexander Pope’s later satire on his contemporaries, The Dunciad.

Remaking Verse in the Eighteenth-Century Poetic Miscellany

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Abigail Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aphra Behn ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Commonplace Books ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Publishing Policy ◽  
And Gender

The immensely popular eighteenth-century poetic miscellany was more than simply a collection of poems: the selection and presentation of texts constituted a deliberate, market-focused, editorial, and publishing policy that emphasized novelty and utility. Poems were edited, abridged, and repackaged in a variety of ways as they were appropriated to their editors’ ends. This chapter examines the scale and variety of poetic miscellany publication, the strategies of their creators, and the audience expectations they both generated and met, to show that they demonstrate the literary or market preoccupations of the editors and booksellers, often in a manner akin to the practice of commonplace books. Particular attention is paid to issues of sexuality and gender in relation to the re-presentation of the poems of Aphra Behn. The chapter draws evidence from a wide range of publications, including John Dryden and Jacob Tonson, Robert Dodsley, and Edward Bysshe’s Art of English Poetry.

The ‘Glorious Revolution’ and the Court in Exile

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret J. M. Ezell
Keyword(s):  
John Dryden ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
Poet Laureate ◽  
Jane Barker ◽  
Anne Finch ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

The birth of an heir to King James and Mary of Modena led to a crisis, with allegations that the child was not legitimate. Whig politicians were alarmed by the promotion of openly practicing Catholics in the army and at the court. Upon the invasion by William, the court fled into exile in France, establishing a rival court at St. Germain. While in exile, Jacobite poets including Jane Barker created manuscript volumes of verse and fiction to be published later. In England, supporters of King James including Heneage and Anne Finch retreated from London into a quiet exile in the countryside, and John Dryden was removed from his post as Poet Laureate.

Labor Productivity and Managerial Efficiency against a Static Technology: The Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750–1800

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Paskoff
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Managerial Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Face

An increase in labor productivity and a reduction of fuel consumption rates were two notable and closely related achievements of the management of Hopewell Forge, an ironworks in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. Significantly, these economies were realized in the face of technological stasis through learning by doing. The analysis of this accomplishment is cast in the larger context of the performance of the iron industry before and after 1800.

scholarly journals Japan’s Civil Registration Systems Before and After the Meiji Restoration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Saito ◽  
Masahiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Village Woman ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity

This chapter traces the evolution of Japan's systems of household and land registration from c.1600 to the period of early Meiji reforms in the 1870s and 1880s, with due attention to the distinction between a system designed by the state and local forms of registration practice. In the section on the pre-Meiji period, one such local practice of having people ‘disowned’ and its consequence — registerlessness — is examined. The section on the Meiji reforms and the section that follows turn to the issue of continuity and discontinuity, and the question of whether any progress was made by those reforms. In order to illustrate the actual changes that took place at the local level, the chapter begins with an eighteenth-century story about a peasant woman and ends with a case of a family dispute that another village woman brought before the court some 120 years later.

scholarly journals "Gardez-vous-en bien ... de la brochure"

1970 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Michiel Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Social Upheaval

At the end of the eighteenth century, the Austrian Netherlands were plagued by politicalturmoil and social upheaval, brought forth by a reaction against the reformatory movementset up by the Habsburg government. The contestation of Joseph II's reformist policywas performed in public, as the region was flooded with polemical pamphlets, ideologicaltreatises and many other types of popular writings during (but also before and after) theperiod of the Brabant Revolution (1787-1789). Pamphlets have stood at the centre ofattention for historiography on Belgian political culture at the end of the ancien régime,yet this wide employment of the source material has not led to a comparative overview ofthe way these writings have been used in historical research. This article will attempt tofill this gap, by first providing a methodological typology of several historiographicaluses of a particular pamphlet, the Manifeste du Peuple Brabançon, written at the end of1789, and signed by the leader of the conservative opposition, Hendrik Van der Noot.Secondly, I will attempt to show how eighteenth-century pamphleteers used a multitudeof discourses at their disposal, by briefly discussing another set of (pre-revolutionary)pamphlets. This has immediate consequences for the current understanding of eighteenth-centuryBrabant political culture, which, so I argue, should not be considered discursivelymonolithic (containing one political language) but pluralist (containing multiple politicallanguages).

The Luso-Brazilian Enlightenment: Between Reform and Revolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Soares Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Absolute Power ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Political Form

This chapter examines transformations of state–society relations in eighteenth-century Portugal in relation to Enlightened political debates of the time. It also explores how these transformations shaped the relations between Portugal and Brazil in the nineteenth century, the debate about the political form of independent Brazil, and the intra-Brazilian struggles over this form before and after independence. More importantly, it challenges the notion that the Enlightenment was absent from the Portuguese Empire as a result of the rejection of modern ideas by conservative world views and projects. It argues that there was a Luso-Brazilian Enlightenment that was plural and eclectic, supporting both critiques and defences of the absolute power of the king, endorsing simultaneously a secularisation process, the promotion of reason and Roman Catholicism, and fostering not only revolutionary projects but also conservative state reforms.

Two into Three Won't Go? Poetic Structure and Musical Forms in Mozart's Idomeneo

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Tim Carter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poetic Structure ◽  
Ternary Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rational Inquiry ◽  
Musical Forms

AbstractBy the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the typical Metastasian two-stanza aria text could be set to music in one of two ways: in the ternary form typical of the earlier da capo aria (stanzas 1–2–1) or in a binary one (stanzas 1–2–1–2). Why did Mozart choose one form over the other in Idomeneo (1781); what does this tell us about the role of his librettist, Giovanni Battista Varesco, both before and after the composer left Salzburg for Munich to finish composing the opera and to prepare its performance; and how might these issues enable some rational inquiry into questions of music and drama?

The Invention of Dryden as Satirist

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
And Control

John Dryden has long been central to accounts of eighteenth-century satire. This chapter asks how such accounts have come to be written, and whether there may be new ways of mapping this aspect of the poet, critic, translator, and controversialist. Indeed, one of the chapter’s aims is to question the inevitability of Dryden’s acquiring a reputation as a satirist, both in his own time and in the centuries following. Though we associate the Stuart laureate most closely with the imperial coolness of Absalom and Achitophel, such mastery and control was gained through countless literary skirmishes over the previous two decades. Before we can understand Dryden as satire’s master, this chapter proposes, we must understand him first as its victim.

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