The Invention of Dryden as Satirist

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
And Control

John Dryden has long been central to accounts of eighteenth-century satire. This chapter asks how such accounts have come to be written, and whether there may be new ways of mapping this aspect of the poet, critic, translator, and controversialist. Indeed, one of the chapter’s aims is to question the inevitability of Dryden’s acquiring a reputation as a satirist, both in his own time and in the centuries following. Though we associate the Stuart laureate most closely with the imperial coolness of Absalom and Achitophel, such mastery and control was gained through countless literary skirmishes over the previous two decades. Before we can understand Dryden as satire’s master, this chapter proposes, we must understand him first as its victim.

scholarly journals Hospitality and the Nation in Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark

Romantik ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wawrzinek
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Reign Of Terror ◽  
And Control ◽  
National Borders

<p>In the summer of 1795, when Mary Wollstonecraft journeyed to Scandinavia, she was disillusioned with human society and the possibility of meaningful relation with others. She had recently been in Paris, where she had seen many of her moderate revolutionary friends executed under Robespierre’s Reign of Terror, and by the time of her arrival in Scandinavia her unsatisfactory relationship with Gilbert Imlay was coming to an end. The book that resulted from this journey, A Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, is remarkable for its critique of sovereignty and the reification of difference inherent to the construction of national borders and the drives of commercial exchange. The article argues that Wollstonecraft insists upon openness to the people and cultures she encounters through configuring epistemology as a twin process of experiential contact and sceptical inquiry. This a process that remains inherently and necessarily ethical because it resists the structures of tyranny, domination, and control, which Wollstonecraft perceives to be afflicting late-eighteenth-century Europe, whilst simultaneously allowing for a re-conception of politics and justice according to the demands both of the present and the not-yet-formalised future.</p>

Fable and Allegory

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
Gillian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Aphra Behn ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anne Finch

Between the late seventeenth and the early eighteenth centuries, fable—already a well-established didactic mode, often directed towards children—came increasingly to be used for satirical purposes. The work of three important writers—Aphra Behn, John Dryden, and Anne Finch—illustrates both the range and the particularity of fables during this period. While, collectively, these poets’ work differs greatly in terms of form, style, and appropriative methods, all three were strong royalists (later Jacobites) whose fables were devised to serve broadly pro-Stuart ends. This chapter investigates why fable rose to prominence during the fraught years before and after the 1688 Revolution, and how its literary properties were differentially exploited by Behn, Dryden, and Finch (given the varying political and publishing circumstances in which each was working). It also considers the reasons for the decline of the satirical fable in the mid-eighteenth century.

The Effectiveness of Means of Controlling Communicable Diseases

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Nineteeth Century ◽  
And Control

AbstractMost communicable diseases are caused by infectious agents that are not visible to the naked eye, which led earlier societies to believe in miasmas and control by quarantine. Although microscopes revealed the agents in the eighteenth century, they were not associated with disease syndromes until the late nineteeth century. Today, vaccines are the most cost-effective means of control.

Rationality and Control in French Eighteenth-Century Medical Views of the Peasantry

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The eighteenth-century medical view of the peasantry offers clues to a series of problems. This essay will treat one of them, namely the processes by which the French medical community in the declining years of theancien régimeand the early years of the Revolutionary period came to justify proposals for intervention in a rural society generally hostile to its claims and suspicious of its motives. The theme of the present study is an exploration of how the ideology of rationality and control, which was being developed in the learned world of the eighteenth century, was reinforced by a group within it that was gaining prestige and searching for means to enhance its professional status and power.Since the demands of such an inquiry are rather large, many of the related questions which it raises, such as the nature of medical knowledge, the contemporary disputes in medical philosophy, and the movement of change from one form of medicine to another, will be touched on only insofar as they have direct relevance to the major need to clarify the medical contribution to the development of the new ideology. In my present conceptualization of the problem, I am concerned to show that there was a close interaction between medical knowledge and the social values of the members of the medical trade, even if there existed no conscious direction of the elements connecting the two, and in spite of the difficulties there are in establishing the precise links mediating intellectual products and their social configurations.

scholarly journals Insights on the history of tuberculosis: Novalis and the romantic idealization

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Maria Do Sameiro Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World Population ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
White Plague ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
And Control

Tuberculosis affected the world population since ancient times, being known to Hippocratic physicians. It was not completely understood and it was difficult to manage. From the eighteenth century onwards, it became highly devastating with a high sociological impact until Robert Koch (1843–1910) identified the pathogenic agent of tuberculosis, in 1882. His discovery enabled a progressive identification and control of infectious diseases. Novalis, born Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg (1772–1801), an early German Romantic poet, struck by the suffering and death of his fiancée, Sophie von Kühn (1782–1797), who died of a liver abscess as a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, is a major founder of the romantic idealizing of the disease which lasted until the control of the endemic. Current medicine tends to identify the condition which struck Novalis as cystic fibrosis. However, his name will always be associated with the white plague, the feared and ethereal disease that killed and inspired young artists and talented poets.

Publicans Between the State and the Brewers: A Subordinate Relationship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Lane
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
And Control ◽  
Over Time

Throughout most of the period covered in this book, establishments that sell alcohol consumed on the premises have had regulation imposed on them. Regulation and control have weighed more heavily on pubs than on the other two types of hostelries and, given their chief customer base, on the working class. Another state instrument to weaken pubs has been high taxation. The conditions for running pubs and publicans’ livelihoods were just as strongly influenced by the giant breweries as they were by state regulation and taxation. Particular attention is paid to the ‘tied houses’ system from the early eighteenth century onwards and to the more recent Beer Orders Act (1989). Over time, this Act had the effect of substituting the tie of pubs to breweries with that of pub companies. The ensuing dependence of tenants and the adverse effect on their livelihoods is viewed as contributing to the large-scale pub closures in the twenty-first century.

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