(Re)Discoveries of the Reformed Faith in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 574-589
Author(s):  
Heber Campos
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
First Century ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Conservative Evangelical ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Widespread Interest

The recent widespread interest in the Reformed faith among evangelicals in Brazil raises the question of how much Calvinism entered and established itself in this country. Brazilian Presbyterianism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries appears to have been more conservative evangelical, more anti-Roman Catholic, than distinctively Reformed. The twenty-first-century interest in the Reformed faith among many evangelicals from different denominations (including a greater interest among Presbyterians) comes through four avenues: literature, conferences, media, and theological schools. However, the variegated use of the terms ‘Reformed’ and ‘Calvinism’ allows the conclusion that many elements that have composed this historical tradition have not been widely rediscovered. In order for Brazilians further to understand Calvinism, there needs to be a discovery of its rich legacy in biblical-hermeneutical, historical-dogmatic, as well as pastoral studies.

The Transformation of Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-218
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Hedstrom
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Liberal Protestantism ◽  
Religious Liberalism ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Religious Nature

This chapter examines religious disaffiliation as itself a potentially religious act. It argues that “nothing in particular,” a religious option commonly presented to respondents on social scientific surveys, often entails an affirmation of religious cosmopolitanism rather than simple secularization or the rejection of religion altogether. This kind of religious cosmopolitanism—this preference for religion “in general” rather than “in particular”—has a long history in the United States, which this chapter tracks across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It attends especially to liberal Protestantism and other forms of religious liberalism as the source of modern religious cosmopolitanism and argues that the development of religious cosmopolitanism made religious disaffiliation easier for many Americans and even necessary for some. Understanding the religious nature of some religious disaffiliation is essential to understanding the broader phenomenon of religious disaffiliation in the twenty-first century.

Disability and the History of Eugenics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rembis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Twenty First Century

Eugenics is central to the history of disability in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Recently, scholars in a number of disciplines have debated whether the biopolitical regime that emerged in the waning decades of the twentieth century can be called “eugenic.” Some scholars claim that although distinctions can be made between an “old” eugenics (1860s–1950s) and a “new” eugenics (1960s–present), the basic tenets of eugenics have endured. Other scholars, Nikolas Rose being the most prominent among them, assert that the biopolitics at the turn of the twenty-first century is significantly different from the “old” eugenics and must be analyzed on its own terms. The question of whether one can write a “long” history of eugenics has animated a lively debate among historians. When viewed through the lens of disability, important continuities emerge between the history of eugenics and the current biopolitical regime.

Women, Gender, and Sexuality in Latina/o Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Alicia Arrizón
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
First Century ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Gender And Sexuality Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Methodological Considerations

This article begins delving into the intersectionality of the conceptual knowledge embedded in the terms “women,” “gender,” and “sexuality.” The evolution of these three concepts has transformed the field of women, gender, and sexuality studies. While drawing on feminist and interdisciplinary methods to center on women’s issues, the field examines constructs of gender power relations, systems of oppression, and privilege. Students and scholars in the field examine these concepts as they intersect with other identities and social sites such as race, sexual orientation, inequality, class, and disability. The article begins with a general examination of the epistemological inquires considered in the title. It then traces the interdisciplinarity of women’s studies and feminist theory while contextualizing Latina feminism within Third World feminisms as conceptualized in the twentieth century. The article also argues that in Latina/o culture, the epistemology of these terms is reinforced by the power of heterosexuality, patriarchy, and the ramifications of colonial history. In this framework, the article examines the dichotomy of marianismo and machismo as markers of the legacy of colonialism. In what contexts this legacy influences Latina feminist discourses and views in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries? What type of genealogies have been fundamental in tracing the colonial history of Latina/American feminism across borders? What kinds of methodological considerations for studying sexuality, and non-conforming gendering processes in Latina/o/Latinx culture in the twenty-first century are currently relevant? Are Latinas becoming more visible and influential in the twenty-first century? These inquiries are considered important for engaging with contemporary issues in Latino/a studies.

The Trinity as Transforming Symbol: Exploring the Trinitarian Theology of Two Roman Catholic Feminist Theologians

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-294
Author(s):  
Patricia Fox
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
First Century ◽  
Trinitarian Theology ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
Doctrine Of The Trinity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Trinity

The article explores the Trinity as a transforming symbol for the twenty—first century. It focuses on the recent work of Catherine Mowy LaCugna and Elizabeth Johnson who offer analyses for the “defeat” of the doctrine of the Trinity and also seek to retrieve core understandings of the mystery from Scripture and Christian tradition. The article suggests that the Church today is being challenged to reform itself in the image of the trinitarian God, to become a community for the world.

Mexican Miltons

Making Milton ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Angelica Duran
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century

This essay follows key traces of John Milton’s presence in Mexico and concludes with a discussion of their extensions into twentieth- and twenty-first-century Mexico, the hispanophone world, and related critical discussions. Milton’s works circulated in Mexican collections despite the fact that, starting in the eighteenth century, Milton was proscribed by two significant texts that circulated in the Americas: the Spanish Catholic Inquisition’s and Roman Catholic Inquisition’s infamous indexes of proscribed works and authors. English, Spanish, and French versions of Milton’s works appear at the first public library in the Americas, the Biblioteca Palafoxiana, confirming the multilingualism of and active participation in Western cultural trends by Mexican readers. After Mexican independence (1821), Mexico’s Francisco Granados Maldonado published his hispanophone translation of Paradise Lost (1858), even though three others by European Spaniards were available. Granados Maldonado’s translational choices reflect a linguistic and political engagement with, but independence from, Spanish and European cultural trends.

Historiography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Parker
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Theological Discourse ◽  
Twenty First Century

Newman continues to influence Christian historiography in theological discourse, but his legacy is confusing because his writings promote three conflicting metanarratives of the Christian past. In order to appreciate his influence as an ‘authoritative voice’ in appropriating the Christian past, it is crucial to understand what these metanarratives are, how Newman used them in his role as a controversialist as an Anglican and later as a Roman Catholic, and the diverse ways in which Newman’s example is invoked in twenty-first-century theological discourse to promote incompatible appeals to Christianity’s historical legacy.

scholarly journals The History of the Tradition of Translation of the Qurʼan into Spanish in the XV–XX Centuries in the Context of the Process of Establishment of a Multi-Religious Spanish Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
First Century ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Given

The given study is focused on the history of the tradition of translations of the Qur’an into Spanish during the period of XV–XX centuries in the context of the process of acknowledgement and construction of the inclusive pluri- religious and pluri- lingual identity of the Spanish people. The examination of the evolution of this phenomenon during this historical period has shown that it can be divided into four major stages. The early stage (XV–XVII centuries) is characterized by positive trends, while in the following period (XVII–XIX centuries) the tradition was interrupted by the expulsion of Spanish Muslims from the areas of their historical residency. The tradition of translations was reborn in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in the context of the renaissance of the Muslim community in Spain. As a result of these processes, today, in the twenty- first century, the tradition of translation of the Qur’an into Spanish constitutes an integral part of the spiritual life of Spain, strongly contributing to a successful and genuine inter- religious dialogue and cooperation.

Traditional Romani Christianity vs Pentecostal and neo-Protestant Christianity: A grounded picture of religiosity and spirituality among the Roma in the twenty-first century in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANA ZACHAR PODOLINSKÁ
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
First Century ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality

Through the example of specific locations settled by the Roma population in Slovakia, the study offers a grounded picture of Romani religiosity and spirituality in the twenty-first century. The author provides a brief overview of the analytical grasping of this phenomenon in the scientific community, as well as remarks on the seemingly neutral analytical terms used for the description of religiosity and spirituality among the Roma, which may contain clichés or be eventually culturally and intellectually colonialist. Based on multi-sited ethnographies in Slovakia, the author elucidates how traditional Romani Christianity is confronted with Pentecostal and neo-Protestant Christianity, which are considered non-traditional within the traditionally Roman Catholic Slovakia. To avoid scientific exotization of Romani religious culture, the author describes the main elements of traditional Romani Christianity based on the emic insights of non-Pentecostal Roma from various localities and through the lenses of the Pentecostal discourse (converts and pastors). She also mentions the fluid and postmodern features of Romani Christianity, which have preserved numerous traditional elements fluidly mixed with post-traditional and ultra-modern forms of spirituality and religiosity.

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