scholarly journals Longitudinal Relation between Endogenous Testosterone and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Middle-aged Men: A 13-Year Follow-up of Former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Participants

1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Zmuda ◽  
J. A. Cauley ◽  
A. Kriska ◽  
N. W. Glynn ◽  
J. P. Gutai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk Factor ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Trial Participants

scholarly journals Inequalities in the Distribution of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Argentina. A Study from the 2005, 2009 and 2013 National Risk Factor Survey (NRFS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferrante ◽  
Natalia Jörgensen ◽  
Martín Langsam ◽  
Cynthia Marchioni ◽  
Santiago Torales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Abstract 156: Everyday Discrimination and Risk of Myocardial Infarction Among Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryana S Jacobs ◽  
Julius S Ngwa ◽  
Natalie Slopen ◽  
Alan M Zaslavsky ◽  
Rimma Dushkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Background: Discrimination, a form of chronic psychological stress, is related to certain chronic health conditions such as poor physical health and hypertension. However, little is known about the associations of everyday discrimination with risk of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results: We assessed the association between everyday discrimination (discrimination) and myocardial infarction (MI) using a prospective, nested case control study of 548 women (267 cases, 281 controls), selected from 26,763 women without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline who participated in the Women’s Heath Study (WHS). Among 267 MI cases, there was a mean follow-up of 8.8 + 4.1 years from date of WHS randomization to date of MI event. At baseline, the mean age of participants was 53.6 + 6.1 years. Cases and controls were matched for age and smoking history. Discrimination was assessed by 5 questions where women reported whether they were: 1) treated with less courtesy/respect than others; 2) treated as not being smart; 3) treated as if others were afraid of them; 4) received poorer service at restaurants/stores; or 5) felt threatened/harassed. Responses were based on a Likert scale of 1=never to 5=at least once/weekly with higher scores indicating more experiences with discrimination. In unadjusted logistic regression models of increasing tertiles of discrimination, we found no significant association between discrimination and odds of MI [Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 1.00, 1.28 (0.85-1.94), 1.06 (0.69-1.64); p trend =0.5]. Adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors (lipid parameters, hsCRP, family history of MI, hypertension, body mass index, diabetes, and alcohol consumption) revealed an inverse-U-shaped relationship [OR, 95%CI: 1.00, 2.14 (1.21-3.77), 1.55 (0.87-2.78); p trend = 0.03], suggesting that these factors obscured the association in unadjusted models. Notably, addition of education and income to the crude model alone [1.00, 1.38 (0.89, 2.15), 0.97 (0.61, 1.54) p trend = 0.2] or to the model with the cardiovascular risk factors [1.00, 2.27 (1.25-4.10), 1.36 (0.73, 2.53); p trend = 0.02] had minimal impact on odds of MI in these women. Conclusion: Among women participating in the WHS follow-up cohort, higher levels of everyday discrimination were related to increased odds of myocardial infarction in an inverse-U-shaped manner, a finding that is obscured by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Access to measures associated with a healthy heart might be important to myocardial infarction risk attenuation among women reporting everyday discrimination. Further research is warranted to elucidate the relationship between everyday discrimination and increased risk of MI.

scholarly journals The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Modifying Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn Bagwell ◽  
Jessica W. Skelley ◽  
Lana Saad ◽  
Thomas Woolley ◽  
DeeAnn Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Objective: Assess the effect of intensive clinical and educational interventions aimed at reducing risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), implemented by clinical pharmacists, on modifying risk factors in targeted patients at high risk for CVD. Design: Patients with at least two risk factors for CHD were identified at two clinics by conducting a pre-intervention survey and were monitored over a period of 6 months with follow up conversations conducted every 4 weeks by phone and at subsequent physician visits. A post-intervention survey was conducted at the end of the study period to detect modified risk factors. Setting: The Jefferson County Public Health Department (JCHD) Participants: We followed a total of 47 patients over 6 months. The average age at baseline was 51 years old and 80% of the participants were female. The baseline average number of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors was 3.7. Measurements: We assessed total number of CVD risk factors, smoking behavior, blood pressure, LDL, A1C, weight, and level of physical activity (major modifiable risk factors by the American Heart Association). Results: Over a 6 month follow-up of 47 patients, statistically significant reductions occurred in total number of CVD risk factors, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and A1C. Reductions also occurred in LDL level, weight, and changes in smoking behavior and physical activity were identified. Conclusions: Results showed that increased patient counseling on adherence and lifestyle changes along with increased disease state monitoring and medication adjustment led by a clinical pharmacist can decrease risk factors in patients with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.   Type: Student Project

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