Chromosome Number and Relationship of some North American Species of Viola

J. CLAUSEN

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090198

NOTES ON THE GENUS PROTARCHOIDES (HYMEN., ICHNEUMONIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent70230-11 ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 70 (11) ◽

pp. 230-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. Stuart Walley

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

North American Species ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

The following notes were assembled in arranging the Protarchoides material in the National Collection. In establishing the identity of Protarchoides mellipes (Prov.) it has been found necessary to synonymize one species. A species allied to mellipes is described as new and a table is provided for the separation of the four known North American species. The recording of Trichiosoma as host for a member of this genus is further evidence of the close relationship of the genus with Protarchus Foer.

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EREMAEIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) OF NORTH AMERICA

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm125168fv ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 125 (S168) ◽

pp. 1-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

North America ◽

North American ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

High Arctic ◽

North American Species ◽

Sister Taxon ◽

Species Groups ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe oribatid family Eremaeidae is represented in North America by two genera, Eremaeus and Eueremaeus, both widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. In North America species in both genera are found in moist to arid habitats from New Mexico to the High Arctic. Reproduction is sexual, and both immatures and adults feed mainly on fungi.Revised diagnoses are presented for the Eremaeidae and genera Eremaeus and Eueremaeus. Eighteen species of Eremaeus, of which 14 are newly proposed, and 24 species of Eueremaeus, of which 15 are newly proposed, are recognized. Identification keys are provided for the world genera of Eremaeidae, and for adults of Eremaeus and Eueremaeus of North America. All but one North American species of these genera are described, and their geographical distributions mapped.North American Eremaeus species include E. appalachicus sp. no v., E. boreomontanus sp. nov., E. brevitarsus (Ewing), E. californiensis sp. nov., E. gracilis sp. nov., E. grandis Hammer, E. kananaskis sp. nov., E. kevani sp. nov., E. megistos sp. nov., E. monticolus sp. nov., E. nortoni sp. nov., E. occidentalis sp. nov., E. oresbios sp. nov., E. plumosus Woolley, E. porosus sp. nov., E. salish sp. nov., E. translamellatus Hammer, and E. walteri sp. nov. The immatures of four of these, E. kananaskis, E. occidentalis, E. oresbios, and E. translamellatus, are described.North American Eueremaeus include Eu. acostulatus sp. nov., Eu. aridulus sp. nov., Eu. columbianus (Berlese), Eu. foveolatus (Hammer), Eu. marshalli sp. nov., Eu. masinasin sp. nov., Eu. michaeli sp. nov., Eu. nahani sp. nov., Eu. nemoralis sp. nov., Eu. proximus (Berlese) comb, nov., Eu. woolleyi (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. yukonensis sp. nov., and three informal species groups with the following included species in North America: (1) Eu. trionus group—Eu. trionus (Higgins) comb, nov., (2) Eu. stiktos group—Eu. carinatus sp. nov., Eu. higginsi sp. nov., Eu. stiktos (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. tetrosus (Higgins) comb, nov., (3) Eu. chiatous group—Eu. alvordensis sp. nov., Eu. aysineep sp. nov., Eu. chiatous (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. danos sp. nov., Eu. lindquisti sp. nov., Eu. magniporosus (Wallwork) comb, nov., and Eu. osoyoosensis sp. nov. The immatures of nine of these, Eu. masinasin, Eu. nahani, Eu. carinatus, Eu. higginsi, Eu. columbianus, Eu. proximus, Eu. woolleyi, Eu. stiktos, and Eu. tetrosus, are described. Kartoeremaeus reevesi Higgins and Eremaeus politus Banks are considered junior subjective synonyms of Eueremaeus columbianus (Berlese).A cladistic analysis of the genera comprising Eremaeidae: Eremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Eueremaeus (and included species groups), Proteremaeus, Carinabella, and Asperemaeus, indicates that Eremaeus is the sister taxon of Carinabella, and that Eueremaeus is the sister taxon of Proteremaeus. Tricheremaeus is the sister taxon of Eremaeus + Carinabella, and Asperemaeus is the sister taxon of Eueremaeus + Proteremaeus. The relationship of the Eremaeidae to the Megeremaeidae and Zetorchestidae is presented. Finally, I discuss the ecology and distribution of North American species of Eremaeidae.

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The bearing of Phoxinus (Cyprinidae) hybridity on the classification of its North American species

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z70-207 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 1167-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pierre Legendre

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Discriminant Function ◽

North American ◽

Parental Species ◽

North American Species ◽

Discriminant Functions

Three populations of Phoxinus eos × P. neogaeus were found to form single Mendelian populations, by comparison with the parental species through a discriminant function. The hybrids of one of these populations were found to be fertile. A fourth hybrid collection, studied by three discriminant functions, was found to contain Semotilus margarita, P. eos × P. neogaeus, and hybrids of S. margarita with at least P. eos, but possibly P. eos × P. neogaeus. The presence of this hybrid, when related to the chromosome number of the species concerned, suggests the transfer of S. margarita to the genus Phoxinus.

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BASIC CHROMOSOME NUMBER, CYANOGENETIC GLUCOSIDE VARIATION, AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LOTUS SPECIES

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b67-070 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 639-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

William F. Grant ◽

B. S. Sidhu

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

North American ◽

New World ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

North American Species ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Fresh Leaf ◽

The North

Leaves of 51 species and three varieties of Lotus (Leguminosae) were assessed quantitatively for hydrocyanic acid (HCN) reaction intensity and the data correlated with basic chromosome number and geographic distribution. The presence of HCN was determined from 0.05 grams of fresh leaf samples by the picric acid – filter paper technique. A gradation of 10 different color reactions (−), (±), and (+1 to +8) was used to compare the HCN reaction for each species. On the basis of potassium cyanide equivalents, each gram of fresh leaf material was estimated to contain an amount of HCN which varied between the different plants and accessions from 0.5 mg to 750 mg. Most of the Old World species were positive for HCN, whereas the reverse was true for the North American species. This would favor the previous separation of the North American species into a separate genus Hosackia. All of the n = 7 species have a greater concentration of HCN than the n = 6 species in both the Old and New World. None of the n = 6 species in the New World reacted positively. Therefore, there was a reduction of HCN with evolutionary development. Two colchicine-induced tetraploids (4x = 24, 28) gave a lower HCN reaction than their diploid counterparts. Leaves of L. siliquosus (n = 7) reacted negatively to the HCN test; however, the cotyledons gave a highly positive reaction supporting the retention of the generic name Tetragonolobus (T. siliquosus (L.) Roth.) for this species. Chromosome number determinations are reported for the first time for L. holosericeus Webb and Berth. (2n = 14), L. mascaensis Buchard (2n = 28), L. nevadensis Greene (2n = 14), L. helleri Britton (2n = 14), and L. oblongifolius var. nevadensis (Gray) Munz (2n = 14).

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