Active Image Processing as Applied to High Resolution Electron Microscopy [II] Real-time Phase-plateless Electron Phase Microscopy by Accelerating-voltage Modulation

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Coene ◽  
A. F. de Jong ◽  
D. van Dyck ◽  
G. van Tendeloo ◽  
J. van Landuyt

Author(s):  
G. Miller ◽  
J.R. Fryer ◽  
W. Kunath ◽  
K. Weiss

Unfortunatly Wolfgang Kunath died January 1990High resolution electron microscopy and image processing are being used to determine the molecular packing within the crystal unit cell of the, organic-azo calcium salt. Due to the beam sensitive nature of the organic moiety which contains both aromatic and and aliphatic components, low dose techniques were used. This concisted of, searching the sample in the diffraction mode to find single crystals exibiting point like reflection to at least .2nm resolution, (fig. 1). Focusing and astigmatism correction was performed by moving the beam of the crystal (off axis). The beam was then moved on axis and a series of four, 10 e/A images taken, (fig. 2). Images were primarily recorded using an on line T.V. recording device. These images were then available for processing using the Semper image processing system. Two crystal orientations were found. Type 1 consisted of thin plate like crystals up to 5um diameter and generally 10nm to 20nm thick. Type 2 were thicker crystals with a 3.2nm lattice spacing. The power specrta of the first low dose images were calculated to asses the quality of the of the structural information present. For the type 1 crystal the power spectrum had to show at least second order reflections in two directions ( fig. 3 ). Type 2 crystals showed the 3.2nm reflection often down to the fith order. These crystals also showed parallel side bands corresponding to a d-spacing of about .8nm. With these results the unit cell was found to be tetragonal with a= .78nm b= 3.2nm c= .78nm. In accordance with the diffraction patterns exibited.


2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha L. Gai ◽  
Kostantinos Kourtakis ◽  
Stanislav Ziemecki

AbstractIn situ real-time environmental high resolution electron microscopy (EHREM) under controlled reaction environments permits direct atomic resolution imaging of dynamic surface and sub-surface microstructures of reacting catalysts. Using the EHREM and complementary microscopy methods, we have investigated selective hydrogenation reaction mechanisms over novel xerogel catalysts of ruthenium and Ru with Co and Au promoters on titania supports, and report an alternative heterogeneous catalytic process for the hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN) in the manufacture of Nylon 6,6. The direct EHREM observations are supported by ultra-high resolution low voltage scanning electron microscope (SEM) of spatial distributions of the highly dispersed nanometer-size catalyst particles and parallel chemical studies. The results demonstrate the important role of in situ EHREM in the design of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation processes on the nanoscale.


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