Enzyme-linked Immunoassay for Respiratory Syncytial Virus is Not Predictive of Bronchiolitis in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Parham ◽  
Richard Cheng ◽  
Gordon E. Schutze ◽  
Bradley Dilday ◽  
Rebecca Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected infants may present with apnea, the role that RSV plays in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is speculative. To determine whether RSV is associated with bronchiolitis in these patients, we examined histologic sections of lungs from 41 apparent SIDS cases and compared the results with those of enzyme-linked immunofluorescent assay (EIA) from nasal washings. Bronchiolitis was defined by a bronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltrate plus epithelial necrosis. A positive EIA was associated with bronchiolitis in 8 instances, compared with 6 having a positive EIA and negative histology, 14 having a negative EIA and positive histology, and 13 having EIA and histology both negative. These results yield a predictive value of a positive test of 57% and a predictive value of a negative test of 48% ( P > .9 by chi square analysis). Although RSV of the upper respiratory tract may be related to SIDS, our results indicate that EIA of nasal washings is not predictive of bronchiolitis, and we recommend other means of verification of histologic results.

scholarly journals What risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome are preterm and term medically complex infants exposed to at home?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mitchell ◽  
Daniel Y Wang ◽  
Christine Troskie ◽  
Lisa Loczy ◽  
Abby Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Medical Complexity ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Objectives Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome include premature birth, maternal smoking, prone or side sleeping position, sleeping with blankets, sharing a sleeping surface with an adult, and sleeping without an adult in the room. In this study, we compare parents’ responses on sleep patterns in premature and term infants with medical complexity. Methods Parents of children enrolled in the Canadian Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evaluation Study of Palivizumab were phoned monthly regarding their child’s health status until the end of each respiratory syncytial virus season. Baseline data were obtained on patient demographics, medical history, and neonatal course. Responses on adherence to safe sleep recommendations were recorded as part of the assessment. Results A total of 2,526 preterms and 670 term infants with medical complexity were enrolled. Statistically significant differences were found in maternal smoking rates between the two groups: 13.3% (preterm); 9.3% (term) infants (χ 2=8.1, df=1, P=0.004) and with respect to toys in the crib: 12.3% (term) versus 5.8% preterms (χ 2=24.5, df=1, P<0.0005). Preterm infants were also significantly more likely to be placed prone to sleep (8.8%), compared with term infants (3.3%), (χ 2=18.1, df=1, P<0.0005). Conclusion All the infants in this study had frequent medical contacts. There is a greater prevalence of some risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in preterm infants compared to term infants with medical complexity. Specific educational interventions for vulnerable infants may be necessary.

scholarly journals Factors enhancing adherence of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells and their possible role in sudden infant death syndrome

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Saadi ◽  
C. C. Blackwell ◽  
M. W. Raza ◽  
V. S. James ◽  
J. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Syncytial Virus

SUMMARYToxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In this study we examined two factors that might enhance binding of toxigenic staphylococci to epithelial cells of infants in the age range in which cot deaths are prevalent: expression of the Lewisa antigen and infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). By flow cytometry we demonstrated that binding of three toxigenic strains of S. aureus to cells from non-secretors was significantly greater than to cells of secretors. Pre-treatment of epithelial cells with monoclonal anti-Lewisa or anti-type-1 precursor significantly reduced bacterial binding (P < 0·01); however, attachment of the bacteria correlated only with the amount of Lewisa antigen detected on the cells (P < 0·01). HEp-2 cells infected with RSV bound significantly more bacteria than uninfected cells. These findings are discussed in context of factors previously associated with SIDS (mother's smoking, bottle feeding and the prone sleeping position) and a hypothesis proposed to explain some cases of SIDS.

Nasopharyngitis and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533
Author(s):  
ALFRED STEINSCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Epidemiological studies repeatedly have demonstrated the importance of a number of variables in affecting the incidence of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).1.2 Characteristically, the peak risk of SIDS is within the second to third month of life, with relatively few cases in the first month of life or after the first year. Another consistent observation is the association between minor upper respiratory tract inflammatory processes(nasopharyngitis) and SIDS: relatively more SIDS victims than controls have had clinical symptoms referable to the upper respiratory tract one to two weeks prior to death. Furthermore, histologic examinations have revealed upper respiratory tract

Home Apnea Monitoring in ‘Near-Miss’ Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and in Siblings of SIDS Victims

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Duffty ◽  
M. Heather Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Electronic Monitors ◽  
Prolonged Apnea

Electronic monitors were used at home to detect apnea in 134 infants who were considered to be at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Seventy-two infants had idiopathic apnea at a mean age of 2.2 ± 1.4 (± 1 SD) months. Of these, 31 subsequently had prolonged apnea (&gt; 20 seconds) with the last spell occurring at 6.2 ± 3.2 months of age. Fourteen infants required vigorous stimulation on at least one occasion and 14 had more than ten separate episodes. Eighteen infants with awake apnea had a significantly smaller chance of subsequent spells (P &lt; .05). Ten additional term infants had apnea during the first week of life but none had subsequent episodes. Of 52 siblings of SIDS victims, only seven had had apnea before monitoring started. Sixteen had prolonged apnea while on a monitor; seven required vigorous stimulation on at least one occasion and one infant died despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The first documented spell in these 16 infants was at 2.6 ± 2.1 months and the last at 7.2 ± 2.7 months of age. Ten infants had more than ten subsequent spells. A tendency to clustering of spells was noted. Preceding events, especially a mild upper respiratory tract infection, were noted in 36 of the 47 infants who had apnea on the home monitor.

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