scholarly journals The Promise and Demise of LSD Psychotherapy in Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Haave ◽  
Willy Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Youth Subcultures

Abstract In the early-to-mid 1960s, there was considerable use of LSD in psychotherapy in several countries. However, its use gradually levelled off. Two explanations have been suggested: The first revolves around a ‘moral panic’ in the wake of the introduction of cannabis and LSD by subcultural youth groups. The second focuses on the lack of proof for the therapeutic efficacy of LSD at a time when double-blind designs became the gold standard. Using available sources, we explore the Norwegian case. Both explanations are supported: Even before illegal drug use had taken root in youth subcultures, scepticism was gradually building among key figures in the Norwegian healthcare system due to lack of evidence for therapeutic efficacy. This scepticism only increased when the new youth subcultures became visible in the mid-1960s and when the ‘war on drugs’ transformed the drug policy.

scholarly journals US Moral Panics, Mexican Politics, and the Borderlands Origins of the War on Drugs, 1950–62

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-387
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Smith ◽  
Wil G. Pansters
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Moral Panics ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Temporary Closure ◽  
Mexican Politics

During the 1950s Californian civil society advocates and politicians developed a moral panic over youth narcotic use. One of the key elements of this moral panic was the assertion that most drugs came over the border and that the only solution to this problem was blackmailing Mexico through temporary closure of the border. The idea not only became a tenet of later drug policy, but also, in conjunction with pressure from Mexico’s own moral reformers, forced regional politicians in Mexico to enact periodic clean up campaigns.

Illegal Drug Use and Criminal Lifestyle: Conversations with Pows from the War on Drugs

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-364
Author(s):  
William R. Faulkner ◽  
Paula L. Faulkner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Illegal Drug Use

The “War on Drugs” in Mexico: (Official) Database of Events between December 2006 and November 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1765-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Atuesta ◽  
Oscar S. Siordia ◽  
Alejandro Madrazo Lajous
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Public Records ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Drug Production ◽  
Policy Program

The objective of this text is to describe the three categories that the Drug Policy Program at the Center for Teaching and Research in Economics (CIDE-PPD) database comprises, their limitations, and their main features. Additionally, we explain what we believe to be the source of the database we originally received and analyze its accuracy by comparing it with public records. We describe the validation and codification processes the database was subjected to, as well as the main biases and limitations the database may have. Additionally, we offer a preliminary analysis of the type of research that the CIDE-PPD Database can support. This analysis is not only relevant to those interested in studying the “war on drugs” in Mexico but also to those studying conflict in other countries involved in illegal drug production and trafficking, as well as countries experiencing conflicts related to organized crime.

Small-Denomination Paper Currency as the Focus of Supply-Reduction Drug Policy

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Bernard ◽  
Eric Hains
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Banking System ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Drug Sales ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Drug Legalization ◽  
Supply Reduction

Efforts to impede the supply of illegal drugs and the laundering of illegal drug money have been expensive and largely ineffective. The authors propose that supply-reduction drug policy concentrate on impeding the reintroduction into the banking system of the large volumes of small-denomination paper currency (primarily $1, $5, $10, and $20 bills) generated in street-level drug sales. Such highly focused policy might better achieve the supply-reduction goals of the “war on drugs” advocates and the harm-reduction goals of drug legalization advocates.

scholarly journals Justifications for Decriminalizing Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Theodor Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Drug Decriminalization

Drug decriminalization calls for reduced control and penalties compared to existing laws. Proponents of drug decriminalization generally support the use of fines or other punishments to replace prison terms, and often propose systems whereby illegal drug users who are caught would be fined, but would not receive a permanent criminal record as a result. A central feature of drug decriminalization is the concept of harm reduction. Drug decriminalization is in some ways an intermediate between prohibition and legalization, and has been criticized as being "the worst of both worlds", in that drug sales would still be illegal, thus perpetuating the problems associated with leaving production and distribution of drugs to the criminal underworld, while also failing to discourage illegal drug use by removing the criminal penalties that might otherwise cause some people to choose not to use drugs. In 2001 began treating use and possession of small quantities of drugs as a public health issue. This also decreases the amount of money the government spends fighting a war on drugs and money spent keeping drug users incarcerated. A number of countries have similarly moved to reduce the penalties associated with drug use and personal possession.

scholarly journals Intralymphatic immunotherapy with tyrosine-adsorbed allergens: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jung Park ◽  
Sae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Yoo Seob Shin ◽  
Chul Hwan Park ◽  
Eun-Suk Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Medication Score ◽  
Allergen Extracts

Abstract Background Most previous studies used aluminum hydroxide-absorbed allergen extracts in evaluating the potential therapeutic roles of intralymphatic allergen-specific immunotherapy (ILAIT). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of ILAIT with L-tyrosine-adsorbed allergen extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, cat, dog, or mixtures thereof, in patients with allergic rhinitis induced by these allergens. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, study subjects received three intralymphatic injections of L-tyrosine-adsorbed allergen extracts (active group) or saline (placebo group) at 4-week intervals. Results Although ILAIT reduced daily medication use and skin reactivity to HDM and cat allergens at 4 months after treatment, overall symptom score on a visual analog scale (VAS), sinonasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20), rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ), daily symptom score (dSS), daily medication score (dMS), daily symptom medication score (dSMS), nasal reactivity to HDM allergen, and basophil activity to HDM, cat, and dog allergens at 4 months and 1 year after treatment were similar between the treatment and control groups. Intralymphatic injection was more painful than a venous puncture, and pain at the injection site was the most frequent local adverse event (12.8%); dyspnea and wheezing were the most common systemic adverse events (5.3%). Conclusions ILAIT with L-tyrosine-adsorbed allergen extracts does not exhibit profound therapeutic efficacy in allergic rhinitis and can provoke moderate-to-severe systemic reactions and cause pain at the injection site. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02665754; date of registration: 28 January 2016

scholarly journals Shadow Committees: On “Drug User Voice,” Representation, and Mobilization in a Norwegian Drug Policy Reform

2021 ◽  
pp. 009145092110037
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bartoszko
Keyword(s):  
Drug User ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Conservative Policy ◽  
Political Landscapes ◽  
Alternative Organization ◽  
Drug Policy Reform

Until recently, Norway remained immovable on its conservative policy that illegal drug use is a crime. In 2018, the Health Minister appointed an inquiry commission to design a less restrictive drug policy, which included two “drug user representatives.” But the Minister’s choices for these posts met massive dissatisfaction from some drug users who contended that the representatives “are not real drug users” and do not “speak for” nor “act on the behalf” of their experiences and opinions. They mobilized to establish an alternative organization, the Shadow Committee, to propose a drug policy reform shaped by “the user voices” and “not polluted by political compromises.” Yet, while performing a labor of difference, this committee, too, became caught in conflicting landscapes of representation with some members contesting strategic solidarity. Based on this case, and an ethnographic fieldwork among the protesters, this article investigates the concept of representation as understood, contested and applied by “drug users.” Exploring how they relate to “user voices” and question the authenticity of some of “user representatives,” I highlight how changing political landscapes affect understandings of representation and shape political, individual and collective forms of involvement. I draw on Pitkin’s political philosophy and apply the classical categorization of political representation to suggest reconsidering the governing assumptions regarding “user representatives” that increasingly inform drug and treatment policies in Norway. I ask if the concept of representation itself may be a barrier to meaningful involvement.

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