Hepatic Clearance of 6 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Isolated Perfused Trout Livers: Prediction From In Vitro Clearance by Liver S9 Fractions

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Nichols ◽  
Alex D. Hoffman ◽  
Thomas L. ter Laak ◽  
Patrick N. Fitzsimmons
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Use of in vitro bioassays to facilitate read-across assessment of nitrogen substituted heterocycle analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Myriam Coulet ◽  
Hélia Latado ◽  
Mireille Moser ◽  
Harrie Besselink ◽  
Matthew Tate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays

Smoke Chemistry, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity Demonstrates Enhanced Toxicity of Cigarillos Compared With Cigarettes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Crosby ◽  
Berran Yucesoy ◽  
Carmine Leggett ◽  
Zheng Tu ◽  
Steven A Belinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Cultured Cell Line ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines

Abstract There has been limited toxicity testing of cigarillos, including comparison to cigarettes. This study compared the smoke chemistry and the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of 10 conventional cigarettes and 10 cigarillos based on the greatest market share. Whole smoke and total particulate matter (TPM) were generated using the Canadian Intense and International Organization for Standardization puffing protocols. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, carbonyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. TPM smoke extracts were used for the in vitro assays. Cytotoxicity was assessed in human bronchial epithelial continuously cultured cell line cells using the neutral red uptake assay. Genotoxic potential was assessed using the micronucleus (human lung adenocarcinoma continuously cultured cell line cells), Ames, and thymidine kinase assays. TPM from all cigarillos tested was more cytotoxic than cigarettes. Micronucleus formation was significantly greater for cigarillos compared with cigarettes at the highest dose of TPM, with or without rat liver S9 fraction. In the Ames test +S9, both tobacco products exhibited significant dose-dependent increases in mutation frequency, indicating metabolic activation is required for genotoxicity. In the thymidine kinase assay +S9, cigarillos showed a significantly enhanced mutation frequency although both tobacco products were positive. The levels of all measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and carbonyls (except acrolein) were significantly greater in cigarillos than cigarettes. The Canadian Intense puffing protocol demonstrated increased smoke constituent levels compared with International Organization for Standardization. Even though the gas vapor phase was not tested, the results of this study showed that under the tested conditions the investigated cigarillos showed greater toxicity than comparator cigarettes. This study found that there is significantly greater toxicity in the tested U.S. marketed cigarillos than cigarettes for tobacco constituent levels, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. These findings are important for understanding the human health toxicity from the use of cigarillos relative to cigarettes and for building upon knowledge regarding harm from cigarillos to inform risk mitigation strategies.

In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah McCarrick ◽  
Virginia Cunha ◽  
Ondřej Zapletal ◽  
Jan Vondráček ◽  
Kristian Dreij
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Downscaling the in vitro test of fungal bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: methodological approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 408 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Drevinskas ◽  
Rūta Mickienė ◽  
Audrius Maruška ◽  
Mantas Stankevičius ◽  
Nicola Tiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Vitro Test
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