Maternal Nicotine Exposure Leads to Augmented Expression of the Antioxidant Adipose Tissue Triglyceride Lipase Long-Term in the White Adipose of Female Rat Offspring

The minimal adipose phenotype of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)-null mice suggested that other hormonally responsive lipase(s) were present in adipocytes. Recent studies have characterized a new adipose tissue triglyceride lipase, ATGL/PNPLA2/destnutrin/iPLA2ζ/TTS2.2 (ATGL). We had previously cloned a novel adipose-enriched transcript by differential screening and recently determined its identity with murine ATGL. We report here on the regulation of ATGL by TNF-α and insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and identify ATGL as a target for transcriptional activation by the key adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ. Insulin at 100 nM resulted in a marked decrease in ATGL transcript that was effectively blocked by inhibitors for PI 3-kinase and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase. TNF-α treatment decreased ATGL transcript in a time-dependent manner that paralleled TNF-α downregulation of PPARγ with a maximal decrease noted by 6 h. TNF-α effects on ATGL were attenuated by pretreatment with PD-98059, LY-294002, or rapamycin, suggesting involvement of the p44/42 MAP kinase, PI 3-kinase, and p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signals. To study transcriptional regulation of ATGL, we cloned 2,979 bp of the murine ATGL 5′-flanking region. Compared with promoterless pGL2-Basic, the −2979/+21 ATGL luciferase construct demonstrated 120- and 40-fold increases in activity in white and brown adipocytes, respectively. Luciferase reporter activities for a series of eight ATGL promoter deletions revealed that the −928/+21, −1738/+21, −1979/+21, and −2979/+21 constructs were transactivated by PPARγ. Our findings identify the novel lipase ATGL to be a target gene for TNF-α and insulin action in adipocytes and reveal that it is subject to transcriptional control by PPARγ-mediated signals.

Download Full-text

Perinatal nicotine exposure increases obesity susceptibility by peripheral leptin resistance in adult female rat offspring

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 283 ◽

pp. 91-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wan-xia Zhang ◽

Yin-ping Li ◽

Jie Fan ◽

Hui-jian Chen ◽

Gai-ling Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Female ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Nicotine Exposure ◽

Female Rat ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

Obesity Susceptibility

Download Full-text

Maternal quercetin intake during lactation attenuates renal inflammation and modulates autophagy flux in high-fructose-diet-fed female rat offspring exposed to maternal malnutrition

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo01134j ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 5018-5031 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shin Sato ◽

Toshio Norikura ◽

Yuuka Mukai

Keyword(s):

Female Offspring ◽

Female Rat ◽

Autophagy Flux ◽

Maternal Malnutrition ◽

High Fructose Diet ◽

Rat Offspring ◽

Low Protein ◽

High Fructose ◽

Protein Diets

Quercetin intake during lactation causes long-term alterations in inflammation and autophagy flux in the kidneys of high-fructose-diet-fed adult female offspring exposed to maternal normal- or low-protein diets.

Download Full-text

EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION OF [6,7-3H]OESTRONE AND [6,7-3H] 17β-OESTRADIOL METABOLITES IN FEMALE RAT TISSUES, DURING LONG-TERM INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0660401 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 401-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. De Hertogh ◽

E. Ekka ◽

I. Vanderheyden

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Concentration Index ◽

Early Period ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Molar Concentration ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Female Rat ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Polar Metabolites

ABSTRACT Equilibrium concentrations of oestrone (OE1) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2) metabolites in rat tissues were investigated by means of long-term infusions with varying amounts of labelled hormones. 3 hour-infusions were found sufficient to allow an equilibrium to be established between concentrations of metabolites in the plasma, liver, uterus, adrenals, fat and striated muscle and the infusion rate. In all these tissues, except the uterus, the equilibrium concentration was directly proportional to the rate of infusion. (The »concentration index«, i. e. the concentration per unit rate of infusion was constant). Hence, the results could be directly interpreted on a physiological basis. OE1 and OE2 were the major metabolites in all the tissues investigated, accounting for 47 to 78% of the total radioactivity in the plasma, 82 to 102% in the uterus, 40 to 48% in the liver, 80 to 120% in the adrenals, 53 to 85% in the adipose tissue and 66 to 93% in the muscle. Other fractions consisted of conjugates, mostly in the liver: 11 to 23% and in the plasma: 15 to%, of polar metabolites, mostly in the liver: 19% to 33%, or of non-polar metabolites, mostly in the adipose tissue: 5 to 17% and in the adrenals: 2 to 12%. The infused hormone was always predominant in all the tissues investigated except in the liver where the OE1/OE2 ratio was about 10, in either type of infusions. Hence, extensive interconversion between OE1 and OE2 was found to occur in that tissue. OE1 was taken up to a higher level than OE2 in the adipose tissue, whereas the reverse situation occurred in the uterus. In the latter tissue, the uptake was higher towards the end as compared to the early period of the cycle. A »molar concentration index« (i. e. molar concentration per unit rate of infusion) of the infused hormone (either OE1 or OE2) was calculated. It ranged from 0.7 to 7 × 10−11 m/kg/ng/h, depending on the tissue investigated. Hence the OE2 concentration in these tissues under physiological conditions is not likely to exceed 10−9 m/kg. The results are discussed with regard to the mechanism of hormone uptake in the tissues and the metabolism of the hormone, as assessed by urinary analysis.

Download Full-text