scholarly journals Temperature and moisture dependence of daily growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots in Southern Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
Yiyang Ding ◽  
Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto ◽  
Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari ◽  
Naoki Makita ◽  
Kira Ryhti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Root Types

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important conifers in Northern Europe. In boreal forests, over one-third of net primary production is allocated to roots. Pioneer roots expand the horizontal and vertical root systems and transport nutrients and water from belowground to aboveground. Fibrous roots, often colonized by mycorrhiza, emerge from the pioneer roots and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. In this study, we installed three flatbed scanners to detect the daily growth of both pioneer and fibrous roots of Scots pine during the growing season of 2018, a year with an unexpected summer drought in Southern Finland. The growth rate of both types of roots had a positive relationship with temperature. However, the relations between root elongation rate and soil moisture differed significantly between scanners and between root types indicating spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture. The pioneer roots were more tolerant to severe environmental conditions than the fibrous roots. The pioneer roots initiated elongation earlier and ceased it later than the fibrous roots. Elongation ended when the temperature dropped below the threshold temperature of 4 °C for pioneer roots and 6 °C for fibrous roots. During the summer drought, the fibrous roots halted root surface area growth at the beginning of the drought, but there was no drought effect on the pioneer roots over the same period. To compare the timing of root production and the aboveground organs’ production, we used the CASSIA model, which estimates the aboveground tree carbon dynamics. In this study, root growth started and ceased later than growth of aboveground organs. Pioneer roots accounted for 87% of total root productivity. We suggest that future carbon allocation models should separate the roots by root types (pioneer and fibrous), as their growth patterns are different and they have different reactions to changes in the soil environment.

Growth patterns in relation to drought-induced mortality at two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sites in NE Iberian Peninsula

Trees ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Hereş ◽  
Jordi Martínez-Vilalta ◽  
Bernat Claramunt López
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula

scholarly journals Growth patterns of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under the current regional pollution load in Lithuania

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Augustaitis ◽  
I Augustaitiene ◽  
G Mozgeris ◽  
R Juknys ◽  
A Vitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Regional Pollution

scholarly journals Response of water use efficiency to summer drought in boreal Scots pine forests in Finland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Gao ◽  
Tiina Markkanen ◽  
Mika Aurela ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
Tea Thum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract. The influence of drought on plant functioning has received considerable attention in recent years, although our understanding of the response of carbon and water coupling in terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the response of water use efficiency to summer drought in boreal forests at daily time scales mainly using eddy covariance flux data. In addition, simulation results from the JSBACH land surface model were evaluated against the observed results. Two Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sites at Hyytiälä (southern Finland) and Sodankylä (northern Finland) were used in the study. Based on observed data, the ecosystem level water use efficiency (EWUE) showed a decrease only during a severe soil moisture drought at Hyytiälä, whereas the inherent water use efficiency (IWUE) increased when there was a severe soil moisture drought at Hyytiälä and a moderate soil moisture drought at Sodankylä. This indicates a decrease in surface conductance at the ecosystem level, but the decrease in evapotranspiration (ET) was alleviated because of the increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) during drought. Moreover, the changes in IWUE implied that Scots pine has weaker response to drought in the southern site than in the northern site. Thus, IWUE is a more appropriate metric than EWUE for capturing the impact of soil moisture drought on plant functioning at daily time scales. In general, the results from transpiration based ecosystem level water use efficiency (EWUEt) and IWUE, and the transpiration based inherent water use efficiency (IWUEt) from JSBACH simulations were similar to the observed results. The deviated groups of gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) under severe soil moisture drought in observed data at Hyytiälä were also successfully captured in the simulated results. However, deficiencies in the model were clearly seen by the limitation effect of air humidity on stomatal conductance in observed data. Our study provides a deeper understanding of carbon and water dynamics in the major boreal ecosystem. These findings highlight the importance of choosing a suitable plant functioning indicator when investigating the effects of drought, and suggest possible improvements to land surface models, which play an important role in the prediction of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in the climate system.

scholarly journals Transpiration of montane Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. forest stands measured with sap flow sensors in NE Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poyatos ◽  
P. Llorens ◽  
F. Gallart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sap Flow Sensors ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. Stand transpiration was measured during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons using heat dissipation sap flow sensors in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) forests located in a montane area of the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Spain). The first aim of the study was to assess the differences in quantitative estimates of transpiration (Ec) and the response to evaporative demand of the two stands. Over the studied period of 2003, characterised by a severe drought episode during the summer, the oak stand (Ec was only 110 mm compared to the 239 mm transpired by the Scots pine stand, although the ratio of transpiration to reference evapotranspiration (Ec/ET0) in the oak stand compares well with the expected values predicted for low leaf area index (LAI) oak forests in southern Europe. Scots pine showed a strong reduction in (Ec/ET0 as the drought developed, whereas pubescent oak was less affected by soil moisture deficits in the upper soil. As a second objective, and given the contrasting meteorological conditions between 2003 and 2004 summer periods, the interannual variability of transpiration was studied in the Scots pine plot. Rainfall during the summer months (June-September) in 2003 was almost 40% less than in the same interval in 2004. Accordingly, transpiration was also reduced about 25% in 2003. Finally, Scots pine data from 2003 and 2004 was used to calibrate a simple transpiration model using ET0 and soil moisture deficit (SMD) as input variables, and implicitly including stomatal responses to high vapour pressure deficits (Dd) and soil water status.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture and soil type on the growth of mycorrhizal seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Buraczyk ◽  
Henryk Szeligowski ◽  
Stanisław Drozdowski ◽  
Marta Aleksandrowicz-Trzcińska
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Soil Type

Wpływ wilgotności i gatunku gleby na wzrost mikoryzowanych sadzonek sosny zwyczajnej (Pinus sylvestris L.)

scholarly journals Response of water use efficiency to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 4409-4422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Gao ◽  
Tiina Markkanen ◽  
Mika Aurela ◽  
Ivan Mammarella ◽  
Tea Thum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Scots Pine Forest

Abstract. The influence of drought on plant functioning has received considerable attention in recent years, however our understanding of the response of carbon and water coupling to drought in terrestrial ecosystems still needs to be improved. A severe soil moisture drought occurred in southern Finland in the late summer of 2006. In this study, we investigated the response of water use efficiency to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest (Pinus sylvestris) on the daily time scale mainly using eddy covariance flux data from the Hyytiälä (southern Finland) flux site. In addition, simulation results from the JSBACH land surface model were evaluated against the observed results. Based on observed data, the ecosystem level water use efficiency (EWUE; the ratio of gross primary production, GPP, to evapotranspiration, ET) showed a decrease during the severe soil moisture drought, while the inherent water use efficiency (IWUE; a quantity defined as EWUE multiplied with mean daytime vapour pressure deficit, VPD) increased and the underlying water use efficiency (uWUE, a metric based on IWUE and a simple stomatal model, is the ratio of GPP multiplied with a square root of VPD to ET) was unchanged during the drought. The decrease in EWUE was due to the stronger decline in GPP than in ET. The increase in IWUE was because of the decreased stomatal conductance under increased VPD. The unchanged uWUE indicates that the trade-off between carbon assimilation and transpiration of the boreal Scots pine forest was not disturbed by this drought event at the site. The JSBACH simulation showed declines of both GPP and ET under the severe soil moisture drought, but to a smaller extent compared to the observed GPP and ET. Simulated GPP and ET led to a smaller decrease in EWUE but a larger increase in IWUE because of the severe soil moisture drought in comparison to observations. As in the observations, the simulated uWUE showed no changes in the drought event. The model deficiencies exist mainly due to the lack of the limiting effect of increased VPD on stomatal conductance during the low soil moisture condition. Our study provides a deeper understanding of the coupling of carbon and water cycles in the boreal Scots pine forest ecosystem and suggests possible improvements to land surface models, which play an important role in the prediction of biosphere–atmosphere feedbacks in the climate system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Insect Defoliations and Seed Production on the Dynamics of Radial Growth Synchrony among Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris L. Provenances

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Marcin Klisz ◽  
Radosław Puchałka ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński ◽  
Władysław Kantorowicz ◽  
Tomasz Jabłoński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Insect Defoliation

The intraspecific variation of climate–growth relationships observed on provenance trials results from among–provenance differences in phenotypic plasticity. Temporal variation in radial growth synchrony among provenances may be modified by adverse climatic/biotic conditions such as drought or insect defoliation. However, these factors can potentially diminish provenance–specific growth reactions and, consequently, prevent the identification of provenances with the highest adaptive potential. Thus, understanding the influence of major biotic conditions on provenance–specific climate–growth relationships seems to be important to anticipate climate change. To determine provenance–specific growth patterns in relation to climate conditions (drought), seed production (reproductive effort), and insect defoliation in a common garden of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), we applied dendroecological techniques to time–series of tree–ring widths and basal area increments. The long–term records of seed production and insect outbreaks from the local Scots pine stands were used to explain the potential effect of biotic factors on the temporal dynamics of radial growth synchrony. During a period of favorable growth conditions, Scots pine provenances showed a decline in inter–provenance synchronicity in growth patterns, while during years affected by severe soil water deficit and insect defoliation, they manifested high uniformity in growth dynamics. The long–term trend in growth synchrony among P. sylvestris provenances depend on both abiotic and biotic environmental factors. This gains significance following an introduction of the appropriate selection of tree provenances for climate–smart forestry.

scholarly journals Transpiration of montane <I>Pinus sylvestris</I> L. and <I>Quercus pubescens</I> Willd. forest stands measured with sap flow sensors in NE Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poyatos ◽  
P. Llorens ◽  
F. Gallart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Flow Sensors ◽  
Quercus Pubescens ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sap Flow Sensors ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract. Stand transpiration was measured during the 2003 and 2004 growing seasons using heat dissipation sap flow sensors in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) forest located in a montane area of the Eastern Pyrenees (NE Spain). The first aim of the study was to assess the differences in quantitative estimates of transpiration (Ec) and the response to evaporative demand of the two stands. Over the studied period of 2003, characterised by a severe drought episode during the summer, the oak stand Ec was only 110mm compared to the 239 mm transpired by the Scots pine stand, although the ratio of transpiration to reference evapotranspiration (Ec/ET0) in the oak stand compares well with the expected values predicted for low leaf area index (LAI) oak forests in southern Europe. Scots pine showed a strong reduction in Ec/ET0 as the drought developed, whereas pubescent oak was less affected by soil moisture deficits in the upper soil. As a second objective, and given the contrasting meteorological conditions between 2003 and 2004 summer periods, the interanual variability of transpiration was studied in the Scots pine plot. Rainfall during the summer months (June-September) in 2003 was almost 40% less than in the same interval in 2004. Accordingly, transpiration was also reduced about 25% in 2003. Finally, Scots pine data from 2003 and 2004 was used to calibrate a simple transpiration model using ET0 and soil moisture deficit (SMD) as input variables, and implicitly including stomatal responses to high vapour pressure deficits (Dδ) and soil water status.

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