scholarly journals Estimating Singleleaf Pinyon and Utah Juniper Volumes for Several Utilization Standards1

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Chojnacky
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
Utah Juniper

Abstract Ratio equations were developed to estimate singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) volume for several utilization standards. The equations constructed will estimate outside-bark volume between 1.5 and 6 in. minimum branch diameter and inside-bark volume between 1 and 5 in. Data for the equations were collected from 61 locations throughout the Great Basin. West. J. Appl. For. 2(2):51-55, April, 1987.

Response of Two Sagebrush Sites to Low-Disturbance, Mechanical Removal of Piñyon and Juniper

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carson Baughman ◽  
Tara A. Forbis ◽  
Louis Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Utah Juniper ◽  
Aerial Seeding

AbstractIn the Great Basin of the western United States, expansion of Pinus monophylla (singleleaf piñyon) and Juniperus osteosperma (Utah juniper) out of historic woodlands and into Artemisia spp. (sagebrush) shrubland communities can facilitate the invasion of exotic downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and lead to decreases in ecological and economic values of shrublands. This expansion has, therefore, been the focus of management efforts, including the thinning or removal of trees in areas that were historically shrubland. Our study examined the effects of tree thinning at two sites located in eastern Nevada, near the center of the Great Basin. Such projects can be controversial, so our goal was to estimate and document the ecological effects of low-disturbance tree thinning at these two sites. Both sites were mechanically thinned using a feller-buncher and were aerially seeded with native grasses. Aerial seeding had no apparent effect at either site. The site that had lower tree cover before treatment (Ely, NV) showed an increase in native forbs and a small increase in invasives. The site that initially had very high tree cover and low shrub cover (Mt. Wilson, NV) showed increases in native forbs and species diversity and a substantial increase in invasives. We conclude that low-disturbance methods for thinning encroaching trees can have positive ecological effects in shrublands but that the initial cover of both trees and native herbaceous species should be considered to determine the potential of the site to recover naturally from the seedbank and the risk of invasion by downy brome.

scholarly journals Holocene fire occurrence and alluvial responses at the leading edge of pinyon–juniper migration in the Northern Great Basin, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie N. Weppner ◽  
Jennifer L. Pierce ◽  
Julio L. Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Geomorphic Response ◽  
South Central ◽  
Utah Juniper

Fire and vegetation records at the City of Rocks National Reserve (CIRO), south-central Idaho, display the interaction of changing climate, fire and vegetation along the migrating front of single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). Radiocarbon dating of alluvial charcoal reconstructed local fire occurrence and geomorphic response, and fossil woodrat (Neotoma) middens revealed pinyon and juniper arrivals. Fire peaks occurred ~ 10,700–9500, 7200–6700, 2400–2000, 850–700, and 550–400 cal yr BP, whereas ~ 9500–7200, 6700–4700 and ~ 1500–1000 cal yr BP are fire-free. Wetter climates and denser vegetation fueled episodic fires and debris flows during the early and late Holocene, whereas drier climates and reduced vegetation caused frequent sheetflooding during the mid-Holocene. Increased fires during the wetter and more variable late Holocene suggest variable climate and adequate fuels augment fires at CIRO. Utah juniper and single-leaf pinyon colonized CIRO by 3800 and 2800 cal yr BP, respectively, though pinyon did not expand broadly until ~ 700 cal yr BP. Increased fire-related deposition coincided with regional droughts and pinyon infilling ~ 850–700 and 550–400 cal yr BP. Early and late Holocene vegetation change probably played a major role in accelerated fire activity, which may be sustained into the future due to pinyon–juniper densification and cheatgrass invasion.

Vegetative propagation of Juniperus osteosperma (Utah Juniper) by cuttings

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Cope ◽  
L. A. Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
Utah Juniper

Holocene Vegetation and Climate History of the Northern Bighorn Basin, Southern Montana

2002 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Lyford ◽  
Julio L. Betancourt ◽  
Stephen T. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Bighorn Basin ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
Rocky Mountain Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

AbstractRecords of Holocene vegetation and climate change at low elevations (<2000 m) are rare in the central Rocky Mountain region. We developed a record of Holocene vegetation and climate change from 55 14C-dated woodrat middens at two low-elevation sites (1275 to 1590 m), currently vegetated by Juniperus osteosperma woodlands, in the northern Bighorn Basin. Macrofossil and pollen analyses show that the early Holocene was cooler than today, with warming and drying in the middle Holocene. During the Holocene, boreal (Juniperus communis, J. horizontalis) and montane species (J. scopulorum) were replaced by a Great Basin species (J. osteosperma). J. osteosperma colonized the east side of the Pryor Mountains 4700 14C yr B.P. Downward movement of lower treeline indicates wetter conditions between 4400 and 2700 14C yr B.P. Increased aridity after 2700 14C yr B.P. initiated expansion of J. osteosperma from the east to west side of the Pryor Mountains.

scholarly journals Mechanical Mastication of Utah Juniper Encroaching Sagebrush Steppe Increases Inorganic Soil N

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kert R. Young ◽  
Bruce A. Roundy ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Utah Juniper

Juniper (Juniperusspp.) has encroached on millions of hectares of sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) steppe. Juniper mechanical mastication increases cover of understory species but could increase resource availability and subsequently invasive plant species. We quantified the effects of juniper mastication on soil resource availability by comparing total C, total N, C : N ratio, Olsen extractable P, sulfate S, and pH using soil samples and inorganic N (NO3-+NH4+) using ion exchange membranes. We compared resource availability in paired masticated and untreated areas in three juniper-dominated sagebrush and bunchgrass ecosystems in the Utah portion of the Great Basin. Inorganic N was 4.7 times higher in masticated than in untreated areas across seasons (P<0.001). Within masticated areas, tree mounds of juniper leaf scales and twigs served as resource islands with 1.9 times higher inorganic N and total C, and 2.8 times higher total N than bare interspaces across seasons (P<0.01). Bare interspaces had 3.0–3.4 times higher inorganic N than interspaces covered with masticated trees during late-summer through winter (P<0.01). Soil fertility changes associated with mastication were not considered sufficient to favor establishment of annual over perennial grasses, and we expect both to increase in cover following juniper mastication.

Early Holocene pinyon (Pinus monophylla) in the northeastern Great Basin

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Madsen ◽  
David Rhode
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Pinus Monophylla ◽  
East Central ◽  
Lake Bonneville ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
Human Use

AbstractFine-grained excavation and analysis of a stratigraphic column from Danger Cave, northeastern Great Basin, suggests prehistoric hunter-gatherers were collecting and using singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) near the site for at least the last 7500 yr. Human use of the cave began after the retreat of Lake Bonneville from the Gilbert level, shortly before 10,000 yr B.P. In stratum 9, culturally deposited pine nut hulls appear in the sequence by about 7900 yr B.P. and are continuously present thereafter. A hull fragment in stratum 10 is directly dated to 7410 ± 120 yr B.P. These dates are at least 2000 yr earlier than expected by extrapolation to macrofossil records from the east-central and central Great Basin, and necessitate some revision of current biogeographical models of late Quaternary pinyon migration.

Extinct Mountain Goat (Oreamnos harringtoni) in Southeastern Utah

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim I. Mead ◽  
Larry D. Agenbroad ◽  
Arthur M. Phillips ◽  
Larry T. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Pinus Flexilis ◽  
Juniperus Osteosperma ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Mountain Goat

AbstractThe extinct Harrington's mountain goat (Oreamnos harringtoni Stock) is predominantly known from dry cave localities in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, in addition to two sites in the Great Basin, Nevada, and from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. A dry shelter in Natural Bridges National Monument, on the central Colorado Plateau, southeastern Utah, preserves numerous remains of the extinct mountain goat in addition to pack rat middens. Remains from a 100-cm stratigraphic profile indicate that O. harringtoni lived on the plateau >39,800 yr B.P., the oldest directly dated find of extinct mountain goat. Plant macrofossils indicate that Engelmann's spruce (Picea engelmannii), limber pine (Pinus flexilis), rose (Rosa cf. woodsii), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) grew during the late Pleistocene where a riparian and a pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) community now predominates; Douglas fir are found only in mesic, protected, north-facing areas. Limber pine, Douglas fir, bark, and grasses were the major dietary components in the dung. A springtime diet of birch (Betula) is determined from pollen clumps in dung pellets.

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