scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Mandalà ◽  
Silvio Tundo ◽  
Sara Francesconi ◽  
Federica Gevi ◽  
Lello Zolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

Genetic relationships between resistances to Fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Bing Li ◽  
Guo Qiang Xie ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Gui Ru Liu ◽  
Shu Min Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Comparison of rye, triticale, durum wheat and bread wheat genotypes for Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol contamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sewordor Gaikpa ◽  
Bärbel Lieberherr ◽  
Hans Peter Maurer ◽  
C. Friedrich H. Longin ◽  
Thomas Miedaner
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals On the biocontrol by Trichoderma afroharzianum against Fusarium culmorum responsible of fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Bouanaka ◽  
Ines Bellil ◽  
Wahiba Harrat ◽  
Saoussene Boussaha ◽  
Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Progress Curve

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. Unfortunately, the wheat plant is a target of several species of the genus Fusarium. This genus causes two serious diseases: fusarium crown rot (FCR) and fusarium head blight (FHB). The search for new indigenous strains of Trichoderma with a high potential for biocontrol against these two diseases was the purpose of this study. Results Biocontrol potential of 15 isolates of Trichoderma (T1 to T15), isolated from different rhizosphere soils and Algerian ecosystems, was evaluated against 4 strains of Fusarium culmorum (FC11, FC2, FC4, and FC20); the main causative agent of FCR and FHB. The efficacy of biological control by Trichoderma spp., evaluated by in vitro tests (direct and indirect confrontation), was confirmed by in vivo bioassays. The in vitro results showed a significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. culmorum species than the control. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained by T9, T12, and T14 isolates causing a maximum inhibition percentage of 81.81, 77.27, and 80.68%, respectively. T14 was selected for biocontrol in in vivo testing. A tube and pot experiments for FCR against F. culmorum showed that T14 decreased the disease severity with 50 and 63.63% reduction, respectively. FHB infection was significantly reduced by T14 in all durum wheat cultivars tested, where %AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) reduction was 49.77, 43.43, 48.25, and 74.60% for Simeto, Waha, Bousselem, and Setifis genotypes, respectively. Yields also increased significantly for almost all cultivars. The antagonistic T14 was characterized based on molecular tools, using translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacers rDNA (ITS1). The results identified T14 as T. afroharzianum with accession numbers attributed by NCBI GenBank as MW171248 and MW159753. Conclusions Trichoderma afroharzianum, evaluated for the first time in Algeria as biocontrol agent, is a promising biocontrol approach against FCR and FHB.

scholarly journals FcRav2 , a gene with a ROGDI domain involved in Fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Spanu ◽  
Barbara Scherm ◽  
Irene Camboni ◽  
Virgilio Balmas ◽  
Giovanna Pani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals Monitoring of Fusarium Species and Trichothecene Genotypes Associated with Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Hebei Province, China

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijing Ji ◽  
Qiusheng Li ◽  
Yajiao Wang ◽  
Lester W Burgess ◽  
Mengwei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Small Shift ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

To clarify the changes in field populations of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens over a decade, Fusarium species and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB on wheat were monitored in Hebei province during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. Fusarium species determination was carried out by morphological identification, species-specific amplification and partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene sequencing. Trichothecene genotype prediction was carried out by primers 3CON/3NA/3D15A/3D3 or Tri13F/Tri13R, Tri303F/Tri303R and Tri315F/Tri315R. A total of 778 purified Fusarium isolates were recovered from 42 sampling sites in 17 counties during the period 2005–2006 and 1002 Fusarium isolates were recovered from 122 sampling sites in 65 counties during the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was the predominant pathogen recovered during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. However, the pathogen composition differed slightly between the two periods. In 2005–2006, 752 out of 778 (96.7%) of the isolates belonged to F. graminearum. Two were identified as F. culmorum. Five other Fusarium species were also recovered, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. chlamydosporum, with lower recoveries of 0.4%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Trichothecene genotype prediction showed that all the 752 F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON genotype. Five Fusarium species were recovered from samples collected over the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was again the predominant pathogen with an isolation frequency of 97.6%. F. pseudograminearum, F. asiaticum, F. culmorum and F. negundis were also isolated at a recovery of 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. For the 2013–2016 isolates, 971 of the 978 F. graminearum strains were 15-ADON whereas seven isolates were of the 3-ADON type. All seven F. asiaticum isolates were of the NIV type and fourteen F. pseudograminearum isolates were classified as 3-ADON. F. pseudograminearum was first isolated from FHB in Hebei in 2013. Although the recovery of F. pseudograminearum is still low, it represents a small shift in the pathogen composition and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB in Hebei province. As Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum is an increasing problem in Hebei province, it is appropriate to monitor the role of F. pseudograminearum in FHB in the future.

scholarly journals Screening of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) Italian Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight Incited by Fusarium graminearum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bentivenga ◽  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Maria Allegra ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Italian Origin

In 2009, a set of 35 cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) of Italian origin was screened for fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility at CIMMYT (Mexico) and in the 2019–20 cropping season, 16 of these cultivars, which had been included in the Italian National Plant Variety Register, were tested again in southern and northern Italy. Wheat cultivars were artificially inoculated during anthesis with a conidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum sensu lato using a standard spray inoculation method. Inoculum was a mixture of mono-conidial isolates sourced in the same areas where the trials were performed. Isolates had been characterized on the basis of morphological characteristics and by DNA PCR amplification using a specific primer set and then selected for their virulence and ability to produce mycotoxins. The susceptibility to FHB was rated on the basis of the disease severity, disease incidence and FHB index. Almost all of the tested cultivars were susceptible or very susceptible to FHB with the only exception of “Duprì”, “Tiziana” and “Dylan” which proved to be moderately susceptible. The susceptibility to FHB was inversely correlated with the plant height and flowering biology, the tall and the late heading cultivars being less susceptible.

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