Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

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Monitoring of Fusarium Species and Trichothecene Genotypes Associated with Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat in Hebei Province, China

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11050243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lijing Ji ◽

Qiusheng Li ◽

Yajiao Wang ◽

Lester W Burgess ◽

Mengwei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Hebei Province ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Head Blight ◽

Species Determination ◽

Small Shift ◽

Predominant Pathogen

To clarify the changes in field populations of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogens over a decade, Fusarium species and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB on wheat were monitored in Hebei province during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. Fusarium species determination was carried out by morphological identification, species-specific amplification and partial translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene sequencing. Trichothecene genotype prediction was carried out by primers 3CON/3NA/3D15A/3D3 or Tri13F/Tri13R, Tri303F/Tri303R and Tri315F/Tri315R. A total of 778 purified Fusarium isolates were recovered from 42 sampling sites in 17 counties during the period 2005–2006 and 1002 Fusarium isolates were recovered from 122 sampling sites in 65 counties during the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was the predominant pathogen recovered during the periods 2005–2006 and 2013–2016. However, the pathogen composition differed slightly between the two periods. In 2005–2006, 752 out of 778 (96.7%) of the isolates belonged to F. graminearum. Two were identified as F. culmorum. Five other Fusarium species were also recovered, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans and F. chlamydosporum, with lower recoveries of 0.4%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Trichothecene genotype prediction showed that all the 752 F. graminearum isolates were of the 15-ADON genotype. Five Fusarium species were recovered from samples collected over the period 2013–2016. F. graminearum was again the predominant pathogen with an isolation frequency of 97.6%. F. pseudograminearum, F. asiaticum, F. culmorum and F. negundis were also isolated at a recovery of 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. For the 2013–2016 isolates, 971 of the 978 F. graminearum strains were 15-ADON whereas seven isolates were of the 3-ADON type. All seven F. asiaticum isolates were of the NIV type and fourteen F. pseudograminearum isolates were classified as 3-ADON. F. pseudograminearum was first isolated from FHB in Hebei in 2013. Although the recovery of F. pseudograminearum is still low, it represents a small shift in the pathogen composition and trichothecene genotypes associated with FHB in Hebei province. As Fusarium crown rot of wheat caused by F. pseudograminearum is an increasing problem in Hebei province, it is appropriate to monitor the role of F. pseudograminearum in FHB in the future.

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Occurrence of Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot in Algerian wheat: identification of associated species and assessment of aggressiveness

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-019-01673-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 154 (3) ◽

pp. 499-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nora Abdallah-Nekache ◽

Imane Laraba ◽

Christine Ducos ◽

Christian Barreau ◽

Zouaoui Bouznad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Associated Species

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Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0155-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Giulia Mandalà ◽

Silvio Tundo ◽

Sara Francesconi ◽

Federica Gevi ◽

Lello Zolla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Uridine Diphosphate ◽

Head Blight ◽

Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

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Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8040617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 617

Author(s):

Tim Birr ◽

Mario Hasler ◽

Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽

Holger Klink

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Head Blight ◽

Dna Amount ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

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The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0035-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 123-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Skaidre Suproniene ◽

Audrone Mankeviciene ◽

Irena Gaurilcikiene

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Field Trials ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Research Centre ◽

Single Application ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain Field trials conducted at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (central part of Lithuania) in 2009 were aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in a naturally infected field. A single application of dimoxystrobin + epoxiconazole (Swing Gold), prothioconazole (Proline), metconazole (Juventus), tebuconazole (Folicur), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Prosaro) was applied to winter wheat cv. ‘Zentos’ at the manufacturer's recommended doses at anthesis (BBCH 65). The FHB incidence and severity were assessed at milk and hard maturity stages. The percentage of Fusarium infected grain and deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin (T-2) concentrations in harvested grain were determined. In all fungicide treated plots a significant reduction of FHB incidence and severity was determined; however the fungicides did not exert any effect on the amount of Fusarium-infected grain as compared with the untreated control. A reduction of DON, ZEN and T-2 contents in grain was determined in tebuconazole treatments. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc were identified in wheat grain, F. poae was prevalent.

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Identity and pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolated from wheat fields in Queensland and northern New South Wales

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar03090 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

O. A. Akinsanmi ◽

V. Mitter ◽

S. Simpfendorfer ◽

D. Backhouse ◽

S. Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

New South ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

New South Wales ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

South Wales

To establish the identity of Fusarium species associated with head blight (FHB) and crown rot (CR) of wheat, samples were collected from wheat paddocks with different cropping history in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales during 2001. CR was more widespread but FHB was only evident in northern NSW and often occurred with CR in the same paddock. Twenty different Fusarium spp. were identified from monoconidial isolates originating from different plant parts by using morphology and species-specific PCR assays. Fusarium pseudograminearum constituted 48% of all isolates and was more frequently obtained from the crown, whereas Fusarium graminearum made up 28% of all isolates and came mostly from the head. All 17 Fusarium species tested caused FHB and all 10 tested caused CR in plant infection assays, with significant (P < 0.001) difference in aggressiveness among species and among isolates within species for both diseases. Overall, isolates from stubble and crown were more aggressive for CR, whereas isolates from the flag leaf node were more aggressive for FHB. Isolates that were highly aggressive in causing CR were those originating from paddocks with wheat following wheat, whereas those from fields with wheat following maize or sorghum were highly aggressive for FHB. Although 20% of isolates caused severe to highly severe FHB and CR, there was no significant (P < 0.32) correlation between aggressiveness for FHB and CR. Given the ability of F. graminearum to colonise crowns in the field and to cause severe CR in bioassays, it is unclear why this pathogen is not more widely distributed in Australia.

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Effect of temperature and pH on the growth of Fusarium spp. causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.6(5).p186-193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 186-193

Author(s):

Vipin Panwar ◽

Ashok Aggarwal ◽

Surinder Paul ◽

Virender Singh ◽

Pankaj K. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Head Scab

Fusarium head blight (FHB) or head scab is emerging as a destructive disease affecting the quantity and quality of wheat worldwide. Several Fusarium spe-cies have been associated with the disease but their composition varies among geographical regions and years. Climatic factors like temperature, pH and humidity influence the growth, survival and infestation of Fusarium species. In the present study, response of thirty six isolates of three Fusarium spp. viz F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. pallidoroseum (F. semitectum) to different temperature and pH was assessed by analysing their in vitro growth rate (mm/day) on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. We found that all the isolates responded differentially but interestingly isolates of F. graminearum showed better tolerance at broader range of temperature and pH. This attributes make F. graminearum a widely distributed and potent pathogen of wheat.

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Fusarium Head Blight Infestation in Relation to Winter Wheat End-Use Quality—A Three-Year Study

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081648 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1648

Author(s):

Valentina Spanic ◽

Kresimir Dvojkovic ◽

Jurislav Babic ◽

Georg Drezner ◽

Zvonimir Zdunic

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Average Energy ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Development Duration ◽

Technological Quality ◽

End Use

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the major threats for wheat production worldwide. It reduces yield, quality, and feeding value of wheat grains. In addition, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium pathogens can have a negative effect on livestock and human health. The aim of this study was to assess changes in technological quality traits and end-use quality of winter wheat varieties after artificial inoculation with Fusarium spp. over three years. Differences in dough development duration and extensibility were measured as the means of relative reductions due to different environments and varieties’ characteristics. Differences in dough softening during kneading were determined as the means of relative increases due to FHB inoculation. In addition, dough had reduced strength, was stickier, and therefore was more difficult to handle, due to a decrease of the average energy value and resistance to extension in FHB-inoculated wheat, compared to naturally infected plants. Dough development time, stability, and resistance usually varied is a similar way, with FHB-resistant varieties showing a good response to FHB inoculation and maintaining good quality. Increasing the level of Fusarium spp. contamination in more FHB-susceptible wheat varieties worsened their technological quality, primarily, the sedimentation value and the gluten index, and hence had a negative effect on the rheological properties.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium populations in grain of winter wheat grown in different cultivation systems

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2015-0013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 94-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Leszek Lenc

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Production Systems ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Cropping System ◽

Common Species ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Poae ◽

Conventional Systems ◽

Wheat Kernels

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence, and colonisation of grain by Fusarium species on winter wheat grown in organic, integrated, and conventional systems as well as in monoculture, were studied locally in Poland, from 2002 to 2010. Fusarium head blight incidence differed throughout the study years. It was found to occur the most where rainfall was highest and where rainfall was the most prolonged before, during, and after flowering of wheat. Fusarium head blight incidence was generally less on wheat grown organically than on wheat grown in other systems. In some years, FHB was noted more in monocultures than in other systems. Fusarium poae was the most common species of FHB populations in wheat kernels, followed by F. avenaceum and F. tricinctum. Other species which occurred more rarely or sporadically were: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. oxysporum, and F. sporotrichioides. There were found to be significant effects of the cropping system on grain colonisation by Fusarium in some years. There was a positive correlation between FHB incidence and number of kernels colonised and damaged by Fusarium, in all four systems. Inferences were drawn concerning the effects of different procedures in different production systems and the possible value for controlling FHB

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The Applicability of Species- and Trichothecene-Specific Primers in Monitoring the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex and Its Impact on the Surveillance of Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat in Serbia

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 778

Author(s):

Vesna Župunski ◽

Radivoje Jevtić ◽

Mirjana Lalošević ◽

Sanja Mikić ◽

Branka Orbović

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Species Complex ◽

Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Integrated Control ◽

Head Blight ◽

Specific Primers ◽

Wheat Varieties

Monitoring changes in the prevalence of Fusarium species and toxin production is an important tool for the integrated control of Fusarium head blight (FHB). However, methods for the high-throughput screening of Fusarium populations have been developed using isolates with limited geographic origins. In this study, we used species- and trichothecene-specific primers to monitor the F. graminearum species complex (FGSC) originating from Serbia. We also tested the applicability of the primers to the surveillance of FHB. We analyzed two hundred and ten isolates collected from thirty two locations and five winter wheat varieties over a three-year period. Using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), we investigated associations between Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and location, variety, members of the FGSC, and their predisposition for mycotoxin production. The results revealed that the species-specific primers were not specific for 11% of the F. graminearum population. The primer sets were 98.5%, 95.2%, and 92.4% effective in the multilocus genotyping of Tri7, Tri3, and Tri5 genes, respectively. We found that individual wheat varieties were associated with isolates that could not be characterized using species- and trichothecene-specific primers. Alternaria spp. had a significant influence (p < 0.001) on grain infection with F. graminearum, indicating the necessity to further investigate its impact on the pathogenesis of the F. graminearum clade.

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