scholarly journals Adult Citrus Leafminers (Phyllocnistis citrella) Are Not Efficient Vectors for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Belasque ◽  
A. L. Parra-Pedrazzoli ◽  
J. Rodrigues Neto ◽  
P. T. Yamamoto ◽  
M. C. M. Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Experimental Trials

Interest in the interaction between the citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) and citrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, has increased as a greater incidence and severity of canker-diseased plants was observed in groves infested with the citrus leafminer. To determine whether adults of the citrus leafminer could act as vectors of citrus canker, we investigated two potential mechanisms for direct spread by leafminer adults using experimental microcosms. First, adult leafminers were raised on canker-infected foliage and were allowed to mate and lay eggs on healthy plants. These plants then were observed for development of citrus canker symptoms. In a second set of experiments, adults raised on healthy plants were given free access to canker-diseased plants during the period in which they mated and laid eggs on healthy plants. In all, 3,119 mines were produced by developing larvae on a total of 2,384 leaves examined for citrus canker symptoms. No symptoms of citrus bacterial canker disease were observed on any of the healthy test plants in 37 independent experimental trials conducted to test these two potential mechanisms of spread of citrus canker, and the pathogen was not recovered from insects exposed to symptomatic Rangpur lime plants. The upper limit on the rate of transmission was estimated to be less than 0.2% per oviposition event based on the binomial probability distribution. However, when adult P. citrella insects were artificially contaminated with high levels of X. axonopodis pv. citri, transmission to Rangpur lime plants with the induction of citrus canker was observed. This suggests that the ability of P. citrella to transmit X. axonopodis pv. citri is limited by the rate at which it can acquire inoculum from infected plants. The results support the conclusion that adult citrus leafminers are not efficient vectors for citrus canker bacteria, and the disease is unlikely to be spread this way.

scholarly journals Injuries caused by citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) exacerbate citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldir C. Jesus Junior ◽  
José Belasque Júnior ◽  
Lilian Amorim ◽  
Rock Seille C. Christiano ◽  
José Roberto P. Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Incubation Periods

After the introduction of citrus leafminer in São Paulo State, an increase in the number of new plants infected with citrus canker has been observed. The interaction between these two organisms is known, but there is no information about how the leafminer damage intensifies citrus canker incidence and severity. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the effects of leafminer damage in citrus canker infection and its influence on the monocyclic components of the disease on Citrus limonia. Higher incidence of diseased plants, AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve), disease severity and shorter incubation periods were observed in plants inoculated after insect infestation. These factors explain the association found between the higher citrus canker intensity and the damage caused by the insect and show, albeit partially, the consequences of these changes in the spread of the pathogen under natural conditions of infection.

scholarly journals Application of Organic Fertilizers Affect the Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) Infestation and Citrus Canker Disease in Nursery Plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331985863
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Aqeel Haider Khan ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Citrus Canker Disease

Citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is one of the most important insect pests of Pakistan’s citrus nursery stock and caused extensive damage to young flushes. The organic compost is a widespread technique used to manage insect pests and plant diseases. Different composts (biofert, tara root and vermicompost) at 0.5 and 0.25 kg/plant concentration in comparison to NPK fertilizer at 0.4 and 0.2 g/plant were evaluated for CLM infestation and the associated citrus canker disease in nursery plantations of Citrus reticulata Blanco. Application of biofert at 0.5 kg/plant reduced the CLM infestation up to 54.5% during Fall-2016 and 39.1% during Summer-2017 in comparison to control treatment. The CLM larval density was also found lower by the application of biofert followed by vermicompost during both seasons. Both concentrations of biofert followed by vermicompost at 0.5 kg/plant resulted in remarkable protection against citrus canker disease in both flushes. The incidence of canker associated with CLM infested leaves was also studied and found lower by the application of biofert and vermicompost compared with control treatment. Conclusively, the soil amendment using biofert and vermicompost affects the CLM population and canker infection in nursery plantations. These organic fertilizers can be used in future citrus IPM programs as a tool to suppress the CLM population and citrus canker disease.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis and Functional Validation of Citrus Pectin Acetylesterases (CsPAEs) Reveals that CsPAE2 Negatively Regulates Citrus Bacterial Canker Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9429
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jia Fu ◽  
Xiujuan Qin ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Jingjing Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Citrus Pectin ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Development

The present study was designed to serve as a comprehensive analysis of Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) pectin acetylesterases (CsPAEs), and to assess the roles of these PAEs involved in the development of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) infection. A total of six CsPAEs were identified in the genome of C. sinensis, with these genes being unevenly distributed across chromosomes 3, 6, and 9, and the unassembled scaffolds. A subset of CsPAEs were found to be involved in responses to Xcc infection. In particular, CsPAE2 was identified to be associated with such infections, as it was upregulated in CBC-susceptible variety Wanjincheng and inversely in CBC-resistant variety Calamondin. Transgenic citrus plants overexpressing CsPAE2 were found to be more susceptible to CBC, whereas the silencing of this gene was sufficient to confer CBC resistance. Together, these findings provide evolutionary insights into and functional information about the CsPAE family. This study also suggests that CsPAE2 is a potential candidate gene that negatively contributes to bacterial canker disease and can be used to breed CBC-resistant citrus plants.

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