Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Tarragon in California Caused by Fusarium solani

Tarragon, also known as estragon or dragon's-wort (Artemisia dracunculus), is a perennial plant in the Asteraceae. Tarragon is grown for use in cooking as a fresh and dried herb. In May 2010, commercial tarragon grown in a field on California's central coast was affected by a previously undescribed disease. Initial symptoms consisted of chlorosis of leaves and wilting of shoot tips. As the disease progressed, entire shoots and branches turned brown and died. The plant crown epidermis and cortex and the upper cortex of the main roots turned brown with occasional black streaking. Diseased plants died several weeks after the onset of wilting. A Fusarium species was consistently isolated from symptomatic crown and root tissues. On carnation leaf agar (CLA) incubated under lights, the isolates produced stout, slightly curved macroconidia having blunt apical cells. One- and two-celled oval to cylindrical microconidia were abundant and born in false heads on extremely long monophialides. Chlamydospores were present in 1-month-old cultures. On potato dextrose agar incubated under lights, the isolates produced abundant white aerial mycelium with bluish coloration of the culture surface. The isolates were identified as Fusarium solani (2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted using six isolates, with inoculum produced on CLA. For each isolate, 250 ml of a spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) were poured onto the roots of 10-cm potted tarragon plants. Ten plants were inoculated for each of the six isolates. A control set of tarragon was treated with 250 ml of water. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse set at 24 to 25°C. After 8 weeks, plants inoculated with the spore suspensions began to show wilting and browning of leaves. Crown epidermis and cortex and root cortex tissues were brown; Fusarium solani was reisolated from the crowns and roots. The experiment was repeated and the results were the same. To my knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani causing a crown and root rot disease of tarragon. The disease caused significant damage with approximately 50% of the commercial field affected. The other Fusarium species previously reported on tarragon is an uncharacterized F. oxysporum isolated from roots of plants grown in California (1). References: (1) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , March 8, 2011, (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA, 1983.

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Occurrence and isolation of some Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot disease in some wheat fields of Duhok, IKR, Iraq

Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A ◽

10.17656/jzs.10679 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2ndInt.Conf.AGR (Special Issue) ◽

pp. 331-342

Author(s):

Bareen Sidqi Shareef Al-Tovi Al-Tovi ◽

◽

Raed Abduljabbar Haleem Haleem ◽

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum Isolated from Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus and Their Association with Asparagus Decline in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1405a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (12) ◽

pp. 1405-1405 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Lori ◽

S. Wolcan ◽

C. Mónaco

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Moniliforme ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

State University ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Pennsylvania State University ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Crown And Root Rot ◽

Stem Lesions

During the summer of 1995-1996, an 80-ha field of 6-year-old asparagus plants (cv. UC 72) in Saladillo (Province of Buenos Aires) was affected by a decline syndrome (1). The plants showed a decline in vigor and approximately 60 to 70% of the plants died. The symptomatic plants were chlorotic, stunted, with stem lesions and crown and root rot. Fusarium moniliforme and F. proliferatum were isolated from vascular and epidermal tissues of roots, crowns, and stems. Identification of Fusarium to species was made by examining conidiogenous cells from colonies cultured on KCl medium (2). Microconidia were born in long and short chains and false heads. The isolates were identified based on the the presence of polyphialides in F. proliferatum and their absence in F. moniliforme, which produces monophialides only (2). In two separate trials, asparagus seeds (cv. UC 72) were surface sterilized and placed in steamed soil infested with a conidial suspension of each species. The viable propagules in the soil (CFU per g) were estimated by soil plate dilutions on Nash & Snyder-PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) medium. The F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum soil densities were 19.2 × 103 and 23 × 103 CFU per g of soil, respectively. The pots were placed in the greenhouse on different benches to avoid cross-contamination. After 4 months, inoculated plants showed root and crown discoloration. F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum were reisolated (64 and 75%, respectively) from discolored portions of internal and external root and crown tissues. Although the stems did not show symptoms, F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum were also recovered (27 and 38%, respectively) from asymptomatic tissues. Six months after inoculation the plants developed chlorotic symptoms with crown and root rot, and then wilted. F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum were reisolated from root systems, crowns, and stems of all inoculated plants. F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum are involved in corn stalk and ear rot in Argentina. Corn and asparagus are frequently grown in close proximity and often follow one another at a particular site. Airborne and soil debris carrying F. moniliforme and F proliferatum from corn may be an additional source of inoculum for asparagus in Argentina. The results indicate that the presence of F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum is a factor that contributes to asparagus decline in Argentina. References: (1) W. H. Elmer et al. Plant Dis. 80:117, 1996. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 1983.

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First Report of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani on St. John's-Wort in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.1050b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 1050-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Gaetán ◽

M. Madia ◽

R. Cepeda

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Single Spore ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

First Report ◽

St John’S Wort ◽

St John's Wort ◽

Crown And Root Rot

Since 2001, 15 to18% of commercial plantings of the medicinal plant St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina were affected by a new disease. Disease symptoms of crown and root rot, wilting, chlorosis, and necrosis of the leaves appeared in circular-to-irregular shaped sectors of 12- to 14-month-old plants. Symptoms began with foliage turning yellow followed by an irregular, brown necrosis of the leaf margins. Lesions coalesced to form large necrotic areas causing a severe defoliation of the basal and upper leaves. A soft rot affected the crown and roots causing a complete maceration of these tissues. Infected plants broke off easily because the crown region and the roots were destroyed. As the disease developed, a dark brown discoloration girdled the stems that progressed above the soil line to the apex. The infected stems became dry and breakable. Finally, the affected plants died. Segments (1 cm long) were taken from roots and rotted crowns of diseased plants, dipped in 70% ethanol, surface sterilized with NaOCl (1%) for 1 min, and rinsed in sterile water. Each segment was blotted dry and placed on potato dextrose agar. Plates were incubated in the dark at 26°C for 4 to 7 days. The predominate fungus isolated from the diseased tissue was identified as Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. (1). Koch's postulates were completed by dipping the roots of seedlings in a 2 × 106 conidia per ml suspension of a single spore isolate for 45 min. Plants were repotted (20 inoculated and 10 controls) in a sterilized soil mix (soil/sand 2:1) and held in the greenhouse at 23 to 26°C. Characteristic symptoms identical to the original developed on 90% of inoculated plants within 2 weeks after inoculation. Symptoms included wilt and collapse, crown and root rot, and death of the plants. The fungus was recovered from symptomatic tissues. Control plants dipped into distilled water remained healthy. The experiment was repeated, and the results were identical to the first inoculations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of St. John's-wort as a susceptible host of F. solani. Reference: (1) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species. An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983.

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In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02181-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alemayehu Dugassa ◽

Tesfaye Alemu ◽

Yitbarek Woldehawariat

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Black Root Rot ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

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Evaluation of Botanicals against Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Inciting Root Rot Disease of Bael (Aegle marmelos Correa)

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (05) ◽

pp. 970-976

Author(s):

Manjeet Singh ◽

Sushil Sharma ◽

Rajendra Nasnwa

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

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Pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with crown and root rot of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different condition

Innovaciencia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales ◽

10.15649/2346075x.659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Bareen Sidqi Shareef Al-Tovi ◽

Raed Abduljabbar Haleem

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Test Tube ◽

Spore Suspension ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Crown And Root Rot

This study was conducted to test the pathogenicity of Fusarium species, the causes of crown and root rot disease of wheat crop, under three different conditions (Laboratory, Greenhouse and Field) and to show the best method for pathogenicity among different conditions. Pathogenicity test of six isolates of Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, F. nivale, F. solani and F. udum) was tested on durum (Simeto) cultivar of wheat by test tube method in the laboratory, the tested fungi had substantial effect on seed germination. F. oxysporum showed the highest germination failure (44.44%) which significantly differed with other species. In the greenhouse, seedlings were inoculated by spore suspension at the base of each plant stem. The most virulent fungus after 35 days of inoculation was F. oxysporum (0.78) followed by F. solani (0.70) and F. graminearum (0.66), while the lowest disease severity was recorded by F. udum (0.16). Also in the field pathogenicity experiments of three Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani) were performed on a durum (Simeto) and soft (Cham6) cultivars. Spore suspension was applied at the 2- to 3-leaf Zadoks’s growth stage. Disease severity was calculated at two stages of wheat growth (Booting and Ripening).The most virulent fungus was F. graminearum (0.42) that was significantly different from other fungi. This work indicated that F. graminearum, F. oxysporum and F. solani showed higher infection than remaining tested species under threeconditions. Pathogenicity test in laboratory by test tube method (In-vitro) appeared more effective than greenhouse and field experiments

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