Molecular diagnosis of thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Fusarium fujikuroi in Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjing Li ◽  
Ryoji Komura ◽  
Chiharu Nakashima ◽  
Masafumi Shimizu ◽  
Koji Kageyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Resistant Strains

Fusarium fujikuroi is the pathogen of rice bakanae disease, and is subclassified into gibberellin and fumonisin groups (G- and F-groups). Thiophanate-methyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, has been used extensively to control F. fujikuroi. Previous investigation showed that F-group strains are thiophanate-methyl sensitive (TMS), while most G-group strains are thiophanate-methyl resistant (TMR) in Japan. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in TMS strains was 1–10 μg mL-1, while that in TMR strains was higher than 100 μg mL-1. E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin were detected in TMR strains. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification-fluorescent loop primer (LAMP-FLP) method was developed for diagnosis of these mutations, and was applied to 37 TMR strains and 56 TMS strains. The result indicated that 100% of TMR strains were identified as having either the E198K mutation (41%) or the F200Y mutation (59%), while none of the TMS strains tested showed either mutation. We found one remarkable TMR strain in the F-group which had a F200Y mutation. These results suggest that E198K and F200Y mutations in β2-tubulin contribute to thiophanate-methyl resistance in F. fujikuroi.

scholarly journals A New Mutation Genotype of K218T in Myosin-5 Confers Resistance to Phenamacril in Rice Bakanae Disease in the Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Wu ◽  
Y. N. Sun ◽  
X. J. Zhou ◽  
C. Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
New Mutation ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Concentration Methods

In 2017 and 2018, a total of 294 Fusarium fujikuroi isolates were collected from bakanae-diseased rice plants in Jinhua, Shaoxing, and Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, China. Phenamacril sensitivity of these isolates was determined by the 50% effective concentration value or minimum inhibitory concentration methods. Our results indicated that the phenamacril resistance frequency of F. fujikuroi increased from 18% in 2017 to 47% in 2018, and rice plants infected with F. fujikuroi-resistant isolates could not be protected effectively with 50 mg/liter of phenamacril. Phenamacril-resistant F. fujikuroi isolates obtained from rice fields showed stable resistance, because their fitness levels (i.e., mycelial growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity) were similar to the phenamacril-sensitive isolates. In addition to the point mutation at codon 219 in the myosin-5 gene that conferred resistance to phenamacril, our results also showed another point mutation at codon 218 (AAG→ACG) in myosin-5 that also conferred resistance to phenamacril. In this study, we found rapid development and persistence of diversified genotypes of phenamacril resistance, highlighting the importance of proper use of phenamacril in rice fields. Our results may also help researchers develop new fungicides or new control strategies using combinations of different fungicides in the control of phenamacril-resistant F. fujikuroi isolates.

scholarly journals Antistaphylococcal Activity of CB-181963 (CAB-175), an Experimental Parenteral Cephalosporin

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 4037-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne B. Hoellman ◽  
Glenn A. Pankuch ◽  
Peter C. Appelbaum
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Among 265 methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococci, CB-181963 (CAB-175) had a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/ml and a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 μg/ml. All strains except two vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and 5 vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus strains were also susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and all were susceptible to linezolid, ranbezolid, tigecycline, and quinupristin-dalfopristin. Most methicillin-resistant strains were levofloxacin resistant. CB-181963 was bactericidal against all six methicillin-resistant strains at four times the MIC after 24 h.

The genetic profile and molecular diagnosis of thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Fusarium asiaticum in Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Suga ◽  
Takashi Nakajima ◽  
Koji Kageyama ◽  
Mitsuro Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Resistant Strains

scholarly journals Attempts to Access a Series of Pyrazoles Lead to New Hydrazones with Antifungal Potential Against Candida Species Including Azole-Resistant Strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana NEGRU ◽  
Laure KAMUS ◽  
Elena Bîcu ◽  
Sergiu Shova ◽  
Boualem SENDID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Mammalian Cell Line ◽  
Cell Toxicity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Resistant Strains

The treatment of benzylidenemalononitriles 3a-c with phenylhydrazines 4a-n in refluxing ethanol did not provide pyrazole derivatives but furnished hydrazones 1a-o. The structure of hydrazones was secured by X-Ray analysis. Newly synthesized hydrazones 1a-o were tested against 8 Candida spp. strains in a dose response assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC99). Five compounds 1c, 1d, 1i, 1k and 1l were identified as promising antifungal agents against Candida spp. (C. albicans SC5314, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (R azoles)) with MIC99 values ranging from 16 to 32 µg/mL. To further evaluate the antifungal potential of the active compounds, they have been assayed against a mammalian cell line HEK293 to determine general cell toxicity and on NCI-60 cancer cell lines panel, demonstrating selectivity antifungal activity over cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Development of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for the Detection of Seedborne Fungal Pathogens Fusarium fujikuroi and Magnaporthe oryzae in Rice Seed

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Franco Ortega ◽  
Jenny Tomlinson ◽  
Jennifer Hodgetts ◽  
Davide Spadaro ◽  
Maria Lodovica Gullino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Bakanae disease (caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) and rice blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) are two of the most important seedborne pathogens of rice. The detection of both pathogens in rice seed is necessary to maintain high quality standards and avoid production losses. Currently, blotter tests are used followed by morphological identification of the developing pathogens to provide an incidence of infection in seed lots. Two loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays were developed with primers designed to target the elongation factor 1-α sequence of F. fujikuroi and the calmodulin sequence of M. oryzae. The specificity, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility for each assay was assessed in line with the international validation standard published by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (PM7/98). The results showed a limit of detection of 100 to 999 fg of DNA of F. fujikuroi and 10 to 99 pg of M. oryzae DNA. When combined with a commercial DNA extraction kit, the assays were demonstrated to be effective for use in detection of the pathogens in commercial batches of infected rice seed of different cultivars, giving results equivalent to the blotter method, thus demonstrating the reliability of the method for the surveillance of F. fujikuroi and M. oryzae in seed-testing laboratories.

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