First Report of Crown Gall of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Caused by Agrobacterium fabacearum in China and the Establishment of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique

Kiwifruit is moderately sweet and sour and quite popular among consumers; it has been widely planted in some areas of the world. In 2019, the crown gall disease of kiwifruit was discovered in the main kiwifruit-producing area of Guizhou Province, China. This disease can weaken and eventually cause the death of the tree. The phylogeny, morphological and biological characteristics of the bacteria were described, and were related to diseases. The pathogenicity of this species follows the Koch hypothesis, confirming that A. fabacearum is the pathogen of crown gall disease of kiwifruit in China. In this study, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) analysis for genome-specific gene sequences was developed for the specific detection of A. fabacearum. The detection limit of the LAMP method is 5 × 10−7 ng/μL, which has high sensitivity. At the same time, the amplified product is stained with SYBR Green I after the reaction is completed, so that the amplification can be detected with the naked eye. LAMP analysis detected the presence of A. fabacearum in the roots and soil samples of the infected kiwifruit plant. The proposed LAMP detection technology in this study offers the advantages of ease of operation, visibility of results, rapidity, accuracy and high sensitivity, making it suitable for the early diagnosis of crown gall disease of kiwifruit.

Testing Boolean Functions Properties

The goal in the area of functions property testing is to determine whether a given black-box Boolean function has a particular given property or is ɛ-far from having that property. We investigate here several types of properties testing for Boolean functions (identity, correlations and balancedness) using the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm (for the Deutsch-Jozsa (D-J) problem) and also the amplitude amplification technique. At first, we study here a particular testing problem: namely whether a given Boolean function f, of n variables, is identical with a given function g or is ɛ-far from g, where ɛ is the parameter. We present a one-sided error quantum algorithm to deal with this problem that has the query complexity O(1ε). Moreover, we show that our quantum algorithm is optimal. Afterwards we show that the classical randomized query complexity of this problem is Θ(1ε). Secondly, we consider the D-J problem from the perspective of functional correlations and let C(f, g) denote the correlation of f and g. We propose an exact quantum algorithm for making distinction between |C(f, g)| = ɛ and |C(f, g)| = 1 using six queries, while the classical deterministic query complexity for this problem is Θ(2n) queries. Finally, we propose a one-sided error quantum query algorithm for testing whether one Boolean function is balanced versus ɛ-far balanced using O(1ε) queries. We also prove here that our quantum algorithm for balancedness testing is optimal. At the same time, for this balancedness testing problem we present a classical randomized algorithm with query complexity of O(1/ɛ2). Also this randomized algorithm is optimal. Besides, we link the problems considered here together and generalize them to the general case.

Analisis Teknik Terjemahan Subtitle Film How Long Will I Love You

Judul penelitian adalah “Analisis Teknik Terjemahan Subtitle film How Long Will I Love You”. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan teknik terjemahan subtitle film dari Bahasa Mandarin ke Indonesia. Metode penelitian dalam penelitian adalah metode kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat dalam bentuk narasi pada subtitle film. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menerapkan teknik analisis data oleh Spradley. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan mengindentifikasi teknik-teknik apa saja telah digunakan penerjemah dan dikategorikan sesuai teknik-teknik tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 14 teknik terjemahan dari 187 teknik yang digunakan menerjemahkan film. Berdasarkan frekuensi penggunaan, teknik yang paling dominan: teknik modulasi 30 kali (16,04 %), teknik amplifikasi linguistik 25 kali (13,37 %), teknik kompresi linguistik 20 kali (10,70 %), teknik kreasi diskursif 20 kali (10,70 %), teknik amplifikasi 18 kali (9,62 %), teknik generalisasi 12 kali (6,41 %), teknik reduksi 12 kali (6,41 %), teknik transposisi 11 kali (5,89 %), teknik kalke 10 kali (5,34 %), teknik penerjemahan harfiah 8 kali (4,28 %), teknik adaptasi 8 kali (4,28 %), teknik deskripsi 7 kali (3,74 %), teknik kesepadanan lazim 5 kali (2,68 %), dan teknik variasi 1 kali (0,53 %). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, teknik terjemahan yang paling sering digunakan adalah teknik modulasi.The title of this research is "Analysis of Subtitle Translation Technique How Long Will I Love You Film". The purpose was to describe the translation techniques in the subtitle film Mandarin to Indonesian. The research method used this research is a qualitative method. The data are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences of narrative on the film subtitles. The research data was collected by applying data analysis techniques. The data were analyzed by identifying which techniques the translator had used and categorized. Based on the research results, there are 14 translation techniques of 187 techniques used in translating How Long Will I Love You film. Based on the frequency use of these techniques, sorted according the most dominant technique used are: 30 modulation technique (16.04%), 25 linguistic amplification technique (13.37%), 20 linguistic compression technique (10.70%), 20 discursive creation technique (10.70%), 18 amplification technique (9.62%), 12 generalization technique (6.41%), 12 reduction technique (6.41%), 11 transposition technique ( 5.89%), 8 adaptation technique (5.34%), 8 dictionary translation technique (4.28%), 8 adaptation technique (4.28%), 7 description technique (3.74%) , 5 the usual equivalent technique (2.68%), and 1 the technique of variation (0.53%). The translation technique is often used by translators is the modulation technique.

Ultraspecific somatic SNV and indel detection in single neurons using primary template-directed amplification

Primary template-directed amplification (PTA) is an improved amplification technique for single-cell DNA sequencing. We generated whole-genome analysis of 76 single neurons and developed SCAN2, a computational method to accurately identify both clonal and non-clonal somatic (i.e., limited to a single neuron) single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions (indels) using PTA data. Our analysis confirms an increase in non-clonal somatic mutation in single neurons with age, but revises estimates for the rate of this accumulation to be 15 SNVs per year. We also identify artifacts in other amplification methods. Most importantly, we show that somatic indels also increase by at least 2 indels per year per neuron and that indels may have a larger impact on gene function than somatic SNVs in human neurons.

Rapid visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 by colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Evaluation of the performance of a new set of primers defined from the ORF1ab sequence, and its combination with a previously published set of primers from the N sequence, to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique is presented. The ORF1ab primer set enables visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 16 min. In addition, a simultaneous reaction with both ORF1ab and N primers allows for higher sensitivity of detection, particularly when low numbers of copies are present (250 viral RNA copies). Further, the protocol is able to detect viral RNA in saliva samples. The procedure reported could be easily implemented in the generation of a new and sensitive rapid point-of care device for SARS-CoV-2 RNA visual detection.