scholarly journals Mal Secco Disease Caused by Phoma tracheiphila: A Potential Threat to Lemon Production Worldwide

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 852-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirico Migheli ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola ◽  
Virgilio Balmas ◽  
Antonella Pane ◽  
David Ezra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Threat ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Mal Secco

An aggressive vascular-inhabiting Phoma (Phoma tracheiphila f. sp. chrysanthemi nov. f. sp.) weakly pathogenic to chrysanthemum

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1730-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Baker ◽  
Lily H. Davis ◽  
Stephen Wilhelm ◽  
William C. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Intact Roots ◽  
Mal Secco ◽  
Mycelial Development

A form of Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kant. & Gik., newly designated as f. sp. chrysanthemi Baker et al., massively invades the phloem and xylem and to a lesser extent the cortex and pith of chrysanthemum plants but causes only slight injury in the first season. However, infected plants either produce weak shoots the following year or commonly fail to resume growth. Injury appears to result from depletion of photosynthates and nutrients rather than from vascular plugging or toxins. Infection occurs through intact roots or through wounds of roots or stems, and the pathogen spreads to the top of 120-cm stems in 3 months. Infection occurs readily from 10–29.4 but most abundantly at 10–21° C. Mycelial development in the stems is retarded at 10 and is optimal at 21° C. This Phoma decline disease was prevalent in commercial and home chrysanthemum plantings in California in 1948–1956, but it has since been controlled by the annual planting of healthy cuttings in fumigated soil, as practiced for control of verticillium wilt. In home gardens the disease may cause severe losses if plants are grown as perennials, but if healthy cuttings are planted annually, the disease will be minimal even in plants grown in infested soil. The pathogen is indistinguishable morphologically from Phoma tracheiphila f. sp. tracheiphila Baker et al., cause of "mal secco" of citrus, but will not infect sour orange or rough lemon plants.

Phoma tracheiphila (Mal secco).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
International Plant ◽  
Mal Secco

Abstract P. tracheiphila is a conidial fungus causing serious damage and death to the host, particularly lemon [Citrus limon], in Citrus and related genera, in Mediterranean countries and the Black Sea region. So far, however, it is unknown in Spain, Portugal and Morocco, as well as other major citrus-growing regions of the world. This fungus is of concern to many international plant protection organizations and must be prevented from being spread in infected propagative material. It was once reported as seedborne in lemon, but there is no further evidence of this means of transmission. Once in the orchard, the fungus can be carried as spores from pycnidia and from hyphae on the plant and on fallen debris by rain, wind and irrigation water, and perhaps by birds and insects.

OXIDATIVE ENZYME RESPONSES OF SIX CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS INFECTED WITH PHOMA TRACHEIPHILA (PETRI) KANTSCHAVELI AND GIKASHVILI

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYDIN UZUN ◽  
UBEYIT SEDAY ◽  
ERCAN CANIHOS ◽  
OSMAN GULSEN
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Mal Secco

SUMMARYCitrus trees are often exposed to severe infectious diseases. Mal secco caused by Phoma tracheiphila (Petri) Kantschaveli and Gikashvili is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of lemons (Citrus limon Burm. F.). In the present study, antioxidant enzyme activity in different mal secco-resistant and susceptible citrus rootstocks including Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Tan.), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.), Volkameriana (C. volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.), Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. X C. sinensis L. Osbeck) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) was investigated. Possible differences in constitutive levels of these antioxidant enzymes and correlations between enzyme levels and mal secco caused by P. tracheiphila were examined. Among the rootstocks, Cleopatra mandarin was found to be resistant to mal secco, whereas rough lemon, sour orange and trifoliate orange were highly susceptible. Total peroxidase (TPX; EC: 1.11.1.7) activity increased in all infected rootstocks. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC: 1.11.1.11) activity increased in most of the rootstocks and no correlation was found between catalase (CAT; EC: 1.11.1.6) activity and mal secco resistance. This study indicates that overall TPX activity is upregulated and APX activity is up- and down-regulated depending on the type of rootstock in response to P. tracheiphila infection.

scholarly journals Identification and Detection of Phoma tracheiphila, Causal Agent of Citrus Mal Secco Disease, by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Licciardello ◽  
F. M. Grasso ◽  
P. Bella ◽  
G. Cirvilleri ◽  
V. Grimaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
Mal Secco

Phoma tracheiphila is the causal agent of a tracheomycotic disease of citrus called mal secco causing the dieback of twigs and branches. This pathogen is of quarantine concern; therefore, fast and reliable protocols are required to detect it promptly. A specific primer pair and a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe were used in a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the Cepheid Smart Cycler II System (Transportable Device TD configuration) to detect this fungus in citrus samples. Real-time PCR assay was compared to modified conventional PCR assay. The sensitivity of the former was evaluated by testing P. tracheiphila DNA dilutions, and the minimum amount detectable was about 500 fg, whereas the linear quantification range was within 100 ng to 1 pg. Conventional PCR sensitivity was 10 pg. Conventional and real-time PCR successfully detected the fungus in woody samples of naturally infected lemon and artificially inoculated sour orange seedlings. Nevertheless, real-time PCR was about 10- to 20-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR, and preliminary results indicate that the former technique achieves quantitative monitoring of the fungus in tissues. Simple and rapid procedures to obtain suitable DNA samples from fungal cultures and citrus woody samples for PCR assays enable diagnosis to be completed in a short time.

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