scholarly journals Genetic Regulation of Polerovirus and Luteovirus Transmission in the Aphid Schizaphis graminum

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Burrows ◽  
M. C. Caillaud ◽  
D. M. Smith ◽  
E. C. Benson ◽  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Sexual forms of two genotypes of the aphid Schizaphis graminum, one a vector, the other a nonvector of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV]-SGV, luteovirus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV, polerovirus), were mated to generate F1 and F2 populations. Segregation of the transmission phenotype for both viruses in the F1 and F2 populations indicated that the transmission phenotype is under genetic control and that the parents are heterozygous for genes involved in transmission. The ability to transmit both viruses was correlated within the F1 and F2 populations, suggesting that a major gene or linked genes regulate the transmission. However, individual hybrid genotypes differed significantly in their ability to transmit each virus, indicating that in addition to a major gene, minor genes can affect the transmission of each virus independently. Gut and salivary gland associated transmission barriers were identified in the nonvector parent and some progeny, while other progeny possessed only a gut barrier or a salivary gland barrier. Hemolymph factors do not appear to be involved in determining the transmission phenotype. These results provide direct evidence that aphid transmission of luteoviruses is genetically regulated in the insect and that the tissue-specific barriers to virus transmission are not genetically linked.

Annual variation in strains of barley yellow dwarf virus in Manitoba, and the occurrence of greenbug-specific isolates

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Annual Variation ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
High Degree

Seventeen isolates of the aphid-borne barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), collected in southern Manitoba in 1966, were transmitted from oats to oats most efficiently by Rhopalosiphum padi. They were transmitted also by Macrosiphum avenae and all but two were transmitted by Schizaphis graminum and Acyrthosiphon dirhodum. Most of these isolates were not transmitted by R. maidis.Only 3 of 25 isolates collected in 1967 were transmitted by the five species of aphids in a pattern similar to that of the isolates collected in 1966. Twenty of the remainder were transmitted with a moderate to high degree of specificity by R. maidis, R. padi, or S. graminum. Two of the latter isolates were transmitted only by S. graminum. When the transmissibility of one of the isolates, for which S. graminum was the most efficient vector, was examined more critically, both the relative and the specific efficiency of the three vectors varied with the age of the infection in the source plants, though S. graminum was always the most efficient vector.

scholarly journals Protein Elicitor PeaT1 Efficiently Controlled Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Shuangchao Wang ◽  
Xiufen Yang ◽  
Frederic Francis ◽  
Dewen Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Protein Elicitor ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), transmitted by the wheat aphid, generates serious wheat yellow dwarf disease and causes great losses in agriculture. Induced resistance has attracted great attention over recent years as a biological method to control plant pathogens and herbivores. Protein elicitor PeaT1 induces defense response in plants against fungi, viruses, and aphids. In this study, wheat seeds and seedlings were soaked and sprayed with 30 μg/mL PeaT1, respectively. Then seedlings were inoculated with BYDV by viruliferous Schizaphis graminum to detect the control efficiency of PeaT1-induced resistance against BYDV. The control efficiency was over 30% on the 14th and 21st days after the inoculation access period. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) tests showed that there was less mRNA from the BYDV coat protein in PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings than in the control group. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) tests showed that virus transmission vector S.graminum took a longer time to find probe and feeding sites on PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings. Additionally, PeaT1-treated wheat seedlings gained higher plant height and more chlorophyll a&b. These results showed that PeaT1 efficiently controlled BYDV by inhibiting BYDV proliferation, reducing the virus transmission ability of S. graminum and alleviating the symptoms of dwarfism and yellow colouring caused by BYDV. This study provided a new integrated way to control BYDV biologically.

Detection of barley yellow dwarf virus in aphids by serologically specific electron microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Source Plant ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Good Agreement

A procedure employing serologically specific electron microscopy (SSEM) which consistently detected barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in single aphids was developed. Using an antiserum against the Sitobion avenae (SA)-specific variant of BYDV, the virus was detected in aphids after 1 day of acquisition feeding and up to 9 days after removal from the virus source plant. The method was equally effective with alate or apterous aphids. SSEM scores of single aphids for presence of virus showed good agreement with virus transmission by aphids. In addition to the SA-specific variant, the nonspecific and Schizaphis graminum specific variants of the virus were also detected in their vectors Rhopalosiphum padi and S. graminum, respectively, using the antiserum to SA-specific variant. The SA-specific variant was also detected in aphids considered "nonvectors" (R. padi, R. maidis, and S. graminum) when fed on this variant. Application of the procedure for determining the proportion of viruliferous aphids in a population are discussed.

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