scholarly journals The Helper Component-Proteinase of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus Facilitates Systemic Spread of Potato virus X in Ipomoea nil

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 944-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sonoda ◽  
H. Koiwa ◽  
K. Kanda ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
M. Shimono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Ipomoea Nil ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase

When Ipomoea nil was coinfected with Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, and Potato virus X (PVX) typical symptoms caused by PVX were observed on those by SPFMV on the first upper true leaves at 14 days postinoculation (dpi). On the other hand, no PVX-induced symptoms were observed on the first upper true leaves at 14 dpi when plants were infected with PVX alone. In the case of coinfection with PVX and SPFMV, PVX RNA was detected not only in the inoculated cotyledonary leaves but also in the first upper true leaves at 14 dpi. In the case of single infection with PVX, PVX RNA was detected in the inoculated cotyledonary leaves but not in the first upper true leaves at 14 dpi. The accumulation of SPFMV remained unchanged, regardless of whether the inoculum consisted of SPFMV alone or a mixture of SPFMV and PVX. Although recombinant PVX engineered to express the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of SPFMV (PVX.HC) enhanced symptoms severity in Nicotiana benthamiana, PVX.HC induced the synergism characterized by an enhanced viral movement in Ipomoea nil. Immunofluorescence microscopic examination revealed that the HC-Pro was present in phloem of SPFMV-infected I. nil. These results suggest that SPFMV HC-Pro acts as an enhancer of long distance movement for PVX in I. nil.

scholarly journals Mutations in the Region Encoding the Central Domain of Helper Component-Proteinase (HC-Pro) Eliminate Potato Virus X/Potyviral Synergism

Virology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Ming Shi ◽  
Heather Miller ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot ◽  
James C. Carrington ◽  
Vicki Bowman Vance
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Central Domain ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase

scholarly journals A cis Element within Flowering Locus T mRNA Determines Its Mobility and Facilitates Trafficking of Heterologous Viral RNA

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 3540-3548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Xianwu Zeng ◽  
Stephen Jackson ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Green Fluorescence Protein ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Flowering Locus T ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Flowering Locus

ABSTRACT The Arabidopsis flowering locus T (FT) gene encodes the mobile florigen essential for floral induction. While movement of the FT protein has been shown to occur within plants, systemic spread of FT mRNA remains to be unequivocally demonstrated. Utilizing novel RNA mobility assay vectors based on two distinct movement-defective viruses, Potato virus X and Turnip crinkle virus, and an agroinfiltration assay, we demonstrate that nontranslatable FT mRNA, independent of the FT protein, moves throughout Nicotiana benthamiana and mutant Arabidopsis plants and promotes systemic trafficking of viral and green fluorescence protein RNAs. Viral ectopic expression of FT induced flowering in the short-day N. tabacum Maryland Mammoth tobacco under long-day conditions. Recombinant Potato virus X bearing FT RNA spread and established systemic infection more quickly than the parental virus. The cis-acting element essential for RNA movement was mapped to the nucleotides 1 to 102 of the FT mRNA coding sequence. These data demonstrate that a plant self-mobile RNA molecule can mediate long-distance trafficking of heterologous RNAs and raise the possibility that FT RNA, along with the FT protein, may be involved in the spread of the floral stimulus throughout the plant.

scholarly journals Phenotypes and Functional Effects Caused by Various Viral RNA Silencing Suppressors in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Aslam Siddiqui ◽  
Cecilia Sarmiento ◽  
Erkki Truve ◽  
Harry Lehto ◽  
Kirsi Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus ◽  
Green Fluorescent

RNA silencing suppressor genes derived from six virus genera were transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana and N. tabacum plants. These suppressors were P1 of Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), P1 of Cocksfoot mottle virus, P19 of Tomato bushy stunt virus, P25 of Potato virus X, HcPro of Potato virus Y (strain N), 2b of Cucumber mosaic virus (strain Kin), and AC2 of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV). HcPro caused the most severe phenotypes in both Nicotiana spp. AC2 also produced severe effects in N. tabacum but a much milder phenotype in N. benthamiana, although both HcPro and AC2 affected the leaf tissues of the two Nicotiana spp. in similar ways, causing hyperplasia and hypoplasia, respectively. P1-RYMV caused high lethality in the N. benthamiana plants but only mild effects in the N. tabacum plants. Phenotypic alterations produced by the other transgenes were minor in both species. Interestingly, the suppressors had very different effects on crucifer-infecting Tobamovirus (crTMV) infections. AC2 enhanced both spread and brightness of the crTMV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) lesions, whereas 2b and both P1 suppressors enhanced spread but not brightness of these lesions. P19 promoted spread of the infection into new foci within the infiltrated leaf, whereas HcPro and P25 suppressed the spread of crTMV-GFP lesions.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Pathogenicity Determinants and Virulence of Potato virus X/Potyvirus-Associated Synergism

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1364-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Aguilar ◽  
Lucía Allende ◽  
Francisco J. del Toro ◽  
Bong-Nam Chung ◽  
Tomás Canto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

Infections of plants by multiple viruses are common in nature and may result in synergisms in pathologies. Several environmental factors influence plant-virus interactions and act on virulence and host defense responses. Mixed viral infections may be more frequent under environmental conditions associated with global warming. Here, we address how changes in the two main parameters behind global warming, carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) and temperature, may affect virulence of Potato virus X (PVX)/potyvirus-associated synergism compared with single infections in Nicotiana benthamiana. Elevated [CO2] resulted in attenuated virulence of single infection by PVX, which correlated with a lower accumulation of virus. In contrast, virulence of PVX/potyvirus-associated synergism was maintained at elevated [CO2]. On the other hand, elevated temperature decreased markedly both virulence and virus titers in the synergistic infection. We also show that the HR-like response elicited by transient coexpression of PVX P25 together with the potyviral helper component-proteinase protein was significantly enhanced by elevated temperature, whereas it was reduced by elevated [CO2]. Both proteins are main pathogenicity determinants in PVX-associated synergisms. These findings indicate that, under environmental conditions associated with global warming, virulence of PVX/potyvirus-associated synergisms is expected to vary relative to single infections and, thus, may have pathological consequences in the future.

Long-Distance Movement Factor: A Transport Function of the Potyvirus Helper Component Proteinase

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cronin ◽  
Jeanmarie Verchot ◽  
Ruth Haldeman-Cahill ◽  
Mary C. Schaad ◽  
James C. Carrington
Keyword(s):  
Transport Function ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Helper Component Proteinase ◽  
Long Distance Movement

scholarly journals Caracterización de la raza Sweet potato feathery mottle virus que afecta a Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. en Argentina y establecimiento de un método rápido de diagnóstico en plantas in vitro

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paola Analía Faroni
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Ipomoea Nil ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Das Elisa

El cultivo de batata en Argentina ha experimentado una disminución en la superficie plantada y, por ende, en su producción. Actualmente, todas las regiones productoras de batata se encuentran afectadas por una la patología viral denominada “encrespamiento amarillo” (EA), la más grave que se haya presentado hasta la actualidad en el país. El EA es causado por cinco virus, dentro de los cuales se encuentran los potyvirus, Virus C de la batata (SPVC) y Virus del moteado plumoso de la batata (SPFMV) razas RC y O. Estos en infecciones simples no ocasionan problemas en el cultivo, pero en las mixtas llegan a causar mermas en rendimientos superiores al 80%.En el presente trabajo se caracterizó biológica, serológicamente y molecularmente a SPVC que pudo ser aislado de plantas infectadas con SPFMV, otro potyvirus estrechamente relacionado con él. SPVC fue transmitido mediante injerto y mediante inoculación mecánica, en bajo porcentaje en Ipomoea nil e I. setosa. En infecciones simples, se produjo síntomas típicos de infección con SPFMV, en hojas de I. setosa (hospedante alternativo). Complementariamente, se logró purificar el virus y posteriormente se obtuvo el antisuero para el diagnóstico de SPVC, mediante DAS-ELISA, NCM-ELISA e ISEM +D. Los ensayos biológicos y/o serológicos no logran diferenciar SPFMV y SPVC cuando las plantas están infectadas, no resultando fiables para su diagnóstico. Ensayos basados en ácidos nucleícos proporcionan la ventaja de una detección confiable de virus, siendo la sonda de hibridación un instrumento específico para diagnóstico. El presente estudio permitió obtener una sonda de hibridación para detectar específicamente al Sweetpotato virus C, aunque son necesarias pruebas ulteriores que permitan concluir al respecto.

scholarly journals Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato virus C from East Timorese and Australian Sweetpotato: Biological and Molecular Properties, and Biosecurity Implications

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Maina ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti ◽  
Owain R. Edwards ◽  
Luis de Almeida ◽  
Abel Ximenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Fta Cards ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Virus C

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato virus C (SPVC) isolates from sweetpotato were studied to examine genetic connectivity between viruses from Australia and Southeast Asia. East Timorese samples from sweetpotato were sent to Australia on FTA cards. Shoot and tuberous root samples were collected in Australia and planted in the glasshouse, and scions were graft inoculated to Ipomoea setosa plants. Symptoms in infected sweetpotato and I. setosa plants were recorded. RNA extracts from FTA cards and I. setosa leaf samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Complete genomic sequences (CS) of SPFMV and SPVC (11 each) were obtained by HTS, and coat protein (CP) genes from them were compared with others from GenBank. SPFMV sequences clustered into two major phylogroups (A and B = RC) and two minor phylogroups (EA[I] and O[II]) within A; East Timorese sequences were in EA(I) and O(II), whereas Australian sequences were in O(II) and B(RC). With SPVC, CP trees provided sufficient diversity to distinguish major phylogroups A and B and six minor phylogroups within A (I to VI); East Timorese sequences were in minor phylogroup I, whereas Australian sequences were in minor phylogroups II and VI and in major phylogroup B. With SPFMV, Aus13B grouped with East Timorese sequence TM64B within minor phylogroup O, giving nucleotide sequence identities of 97.4% (CS) and 98.3% (CP). However, the closest match with an Australian sequence was the 97.6% (CS) and 98.7% (CP) nucleotide identity between Aus13B and an Argentinian sequence. With SPVC, closest nucleotide identity matches between Australian and East Timorese sequences were 94.1% with Aus6a and TM68A (CS) and 96.3% with Aus55-4C and TM64A (CP); however neither pair member belonged to the same minor phylogroup. Also, the closest Australian match was 99.1% (CP) nucleotide identity between Aus4C and New Zealand isolate NZ4-4. These first complete genome sequences of SPFMV and SPVC from sweetpotato plantings in the Australian continent and neighboring Southeast Asia suggest at least two (SPFMV) and three (SPVC) separate introductions to Australia since agriculture commenced more than two centuries ago. These findings have major implications for both healthy stock programs and biosecurity management in relation to pathogen entry into Australia and elsewhere.

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