Adiponectin (APN) can confer protection against metabolism-related illnesses in organs such as fat, the liver, and skeletal muscle. However, it is unclear whether APN improves endothelial-dependent nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in type 2 diabetes and, if so, by what mechanism. We tested whether exogenous APN delivery improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetic mice and explored the mechanisms underlying the observed improvement. To test the hypothesis, we injected adenovirus APN (Ad-APN) or adenovirus β-galactosidase (Ad-βgal; control virus) via the tail vein in control (m Lepr db) and diabetic (Lepr db; db/ db) mice and studied vascular function of the aorta ex vivo. Ad-APN improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation in db/ db mice compared with Ad-βgal, whereas Ad-APN had no further improvement on endothelial function in control mice. This improvement was completely inhibited by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ( NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester). Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were increased in db/ db mice, and Ad-APN significantly reduced triglyceride levels but not total cholesterol levels. Immunoblot results showed that interferon-γ, gp91 phox, and nitrotyrosine were markedly increased in the aorta of db/ db mice. Ad-APN treatment decreased the expression of these proteins. In addition, mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 was elevated in db/ db mice, and Ad-APN treatment decreased these expressions in the aorta. Our findings suggest that APN may contribute to an increase in nitric oxide bioavailability by decreasing superoxide production as well as by inhibiting inflammation and adhesion molecules in the aorta in type 2 diabetic mice.
AdipoRon, adiponectin receptor agonist, improves vascular function in the mesenteric arteries of type 2 diabetic mice