scholarly journals Brain Protein Synthesis and Cell Proliferation in Sulfur Amino Acid Restricted Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenceslao Martinez ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Emily Mirek ◽  
Jordan Levy ◽  
William Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis

scholarly journals The effect of elevated plasma phenylalanine levels on protein synthesis rates in adult rat brain

1994 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Dunlop ◽  
X R Yang ◽  
A Lajtha
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Free Amino Acid Pool ◽  
Plasma Phenylalanine ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

Increasing the plasma phenylalanine concentration to levels as high as 0.560-0.870 mM (over ten times normal levels) had no detectable effect on the rate of brain protein synthesis in adult rats. The average rates for 7-week-old rats were: valine, 0.58 +/- 0.05%/h, phenylalanine, 0.59 +/- 0.06%/h, and tyrosine, 0.60 +/- 0.09%/h, or 0.59 +/- 0.06%/h overall. Synthesis rates calculated on the basis of the specific activity of the tRNA-bound amino acid were slightly lower (4% lower for phenylalanine) than those based on the brain free amino acid pool. Similarly, the specific activities of valine and phenylalanine in microdialysis fluid from striatum were practically the same as those in the brain free amino acid pool. Thus the specific activities of the valine and phenylalanine brain free pools are good measures of the precursor specific activity for protein synthesis. In any event, synthesis rates, whether based on the specific activities of the amino acids in the brain free pool or those bound to tRNA, were unaffected by elevated levels of plasma phenylalanine. Brain protein synthesis rates measured after the administration of quite large doses of phenylalanine (> 1.5 mumol/g) or valine (15 mumol/g) were in agreement (0.62 +/- 0.01 and 0.65 +/- 0.01%/h respectively) with the rates determined with infusions of trace amounts of amino acids. Thus the technique of stabilizing precursor-specific activity, and pushing values in the brain close to those of the plasma, by the administration of large quantities of precursor, appears to be valid.

scholarly journals The effects of chronic hyperphenylalaninaemia on mouse brain protein synthesis can be prevented by other amino acids

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Binek-Singer ◽  
T C Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

A prolonged elevation in the concentrations of circulating phenylalanine was maintained in newborn mice by daily injections of phenylalanine and a phenylalanine hydroxylase inhibitor, alpha-methylphenylalanine. The result of this chronic hyperphenylalaninaemia was an accumulation of vacant or inactive monoribosomes that persisted for 18 h of each day. An elongation assay in vitro with brain postmitochondrial supernatants demonstrated that, in addition, there was an equally prolonged decrease in the rates of polypeptide-chain elongation by the remaining brain polyribosomes. Analyses of the free amino acid composition in the brains of hyperphenylalaninaemic mice showed a loss of several amino acids from the brain, particularly the large, neutral amino acids, which are co- or counter-transported across plasma membranes with phenylalanine. When a mixture of these amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, methionine) was injected into hyperphenylalaninaemic mice, there was an immediate cessation of monoribosome accumulation in the brain and there was no inhibition of the rates of polypeptide-chain elongation. Although the concentrations of the large, neutral amino acids in the brain were partially preserved by treatment of hyperphenylalaninaemic mice with the amino acid mixture, the elevated concentrations of phenylalanine remained unaltered. The amino acid mixture had no detectable effect on brain protein synthesis in the absence of the hyperphenylalaninaemic condition.

scholarly journals Dietary γ-Aminobutyric Acid Affects the Brain Protein Synthesis Rate in Ovariectomized Female Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyo TUJIOKA ◽  
Miho OHSUMI ◽  
Kenji HORIE ◽  
Mujo KIM ◽  
Kazutoshi HAYASE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis ◽  
The Brain

Tryptophan availability and brain protein synthesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1065-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Blazek ◽  
D.M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Brain Protein Synthesis
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