A NEW GRAVIMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ROOT-SURFACE AREAS

Soil Science ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. CARLEY ◽  
R. D. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Surface Areas

scholarly journals Root surface areas of maxillary permanent teeth in anterior normal overbite and anterior open bite assessed using cone-beam computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyadanai Suteerapongpun ◽  
Supassara Sirabanchongkran ◽  
Tanapan Wattanachai ◽  
Patiyut Sriwilas ◽  
Dhirawat Jotikasthira
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Surface Areas

Initiation of root growth stimulation by Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 during maize seed germination

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Jacoud ◽  
Dominique Job ◽  
Patrick Wadoux ◽  
René Bally
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

Maize seeds were inoculated with a commercial inoculant containing 1.3 × 107 Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 cells. After 24 or 48 h, bacteria were washed from the seed surface. Washed and unwashed seeds were then planted in pots containing perlite and grown for 28 days under greenhouse conditions. Whatever the density of Azospirillum at planting, the number of these bacteria at the end of the experiment was similar (1.9-8.0 × 107 bacteria·plant-1). However, comparison of root surface areas of the plants were different depending on the period of contact between seeds and the density of the inoculum. Twenty-four hours of contact was not sufficient to increase root growth surface areas. Contact for 48 h permitted us to obtain root surface areas comparable with those measured after a continuous contact. These results showed that in order to promote maize root surface areas, an optimal density of Azospirillum is not required during the whole cultural cycle. This optimal density is indispensable only up to the emergence of the radicle.Key words: Azospirillum, maize, inoculation, PGPR.

Cabon Nanofibrous Materials Prepared from Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Hydrogen Storage

2004 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Park ◽  
B. C. Kim ◽  
S. M. Jo ◽  
D. Y. Kim ◽  
W. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Graphite Nanofibers ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Amorphous Structures ◽  
Buoyancy Correction

ABSTRACTElectrospun PAN nanofibers were carbonized with or without iron(III) acetylacetonate to induce catalytic graphitization within the range of 900–1500°C, resulting in ultrafine carbon fibers with the diameter of about 90–300 nm. The structural properties and morphologies of the resulting carbon nanofibers were investigated using XRD, Raman IR, SEM, TEM, and surface area/pore analysis. The PAN-based carbon nanofibers carbonized without a catalyst had amorphous structures, with d002 = 0.37 nm, and smooth surfaces with very low surface areas of 22–31 m2/g. The carbonization of PAN-based nanofibers in the presence of the catalyst produced the graphite nanofibers (GNF) with d002 = 0.341 nm, indicating turbostrate structures. The graphite structures were grown by increasing the catalyst contents and the carbonization temperature. The hydrogen storage capacities of the aforementioned carbon nanofiber materials were evaluated through the gravimetric method using Magnetic Suspension Balance (MSB) at room temperature and at 100 bars. The storage data were obtained after the buoyancy correction. The CNFs showed hydrogen storage capacities of 0.16–0.50 wt.%, increasing with the increase of carbonization temperature, but that of the CNF at 1500°C was lowest. The hydrogen storage capacities of the GNFs with low surface areas of 100–250m2/g were 0.14–1.01 wt%.

scholarly journals The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Tan ◽  
Yongwen Huang ◽  
Danwei Xiong ◽  
Kun Lv ◽  
Fangqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Elymus Nutans ◽  
Density Treatment

AbstractElymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. nutans in vegetation–concrete applications for slope protection, six experimental treatments were established with different plant densities: control, I (1100 seeds/m2), II (2200 seeds/m2), III (3300 seeds/m2), IV (4400 seeds/m2), and V (5500 seeds/m2). Several parameters of plant growth in addition to soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties were measured in each treatment, as well as the associations among parameters. As density increased, aboveground biomass continually increased, and plant heights, root surface areas, root lengths, and underground biomass all first increased and then decreased. In contrast, tiller numbers and the average root diameter gradually decreased with increasing density. Increased density also resulted in increased maximum water interception levels by aboveground stems and leaves. The maximum water interception by the aboveground stems and leaves was 41.75% greater in the highest density treatment (V) compared to the lowest density treatment (I). However, the enhancement of erosion resistance and soil shear strength first increased and then decreased as density increased, with maximal values observed in the medium-high density treatment (IV). Sowing density was highly correlated with aboveground biomass, plant heights, tiller numbers, and the maximum level of water interception by stems and leaves. Thus, sowing density directly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of aboveground plant components. However, density was not significantly correlated with belowground biomass, root lengths, root surface areas, the enhancement of erosion resistance, and soil shear strengths. Therefore, sowing density indirectly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization of belowground plant components. Following from these results, we suggest that the optimal sowing density of E. nutans is approximately 4400 plants/m2 in their application within vegetation–concrete structures used for slope protection.

scholarly journals Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia

2015 ◽  
Vol 395 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Abiven ◽  
Andreas Hund ◽  
Vegard Martinsen ◽  
Gerard Cornelissen
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Biochar Amendment

scholarly journals Studies on root surface areas of the extracted teeth with periodontal problems.

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
Hidetada ISHIKAWA ◽  
Naomi UCHIDA ◽  
Harumi OONISHI ◽  
Junko NAKAJIMA ◽  
Atsushi FUJII ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Surface Areas

scholarly journals Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil .

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Toufiq Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Organic Acid Exudation ◽  
Extractable Al

Aluminium ion (Al<sup>3+</sup>) toxicity and hydrogen ion (H<sup>+</sup>) activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8) and Al-sensitive (ES8) wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl<sub>3</sub> and CaCO<sub>3</sub> were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl<sub>3</sub>, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl<sub>3</sub>/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

scholarly journals The Rhizometer – a device for measuring roots of tree seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
K. A. Armson
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Photoelectric Device ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Routine Measurement ◽  
Root Measurement ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Non Destructive

A photoelectric device — the rhizometer — which can be used to estimate root surface areas of seedlings is described. The advantage of this instrument is that it is rapid and non-destructive. The method gives comparable results to estimates obtained by direct measurement of diameters and lengths; in addition the estimates are highly reproducible. The technique used has considerable application in the assessment of root systems of seedlings grown under experimental conditions and also in the routine measurement of nursery production stock. Seedlings are capable of being planted out after root measurement by this technique.

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