Studies on root surface areas of the extracted teeth with periodontal problems.

Maize seeds were inoculated with a commercial inoculant containing 1.3 × 107 Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 cells. After 24 or 48 h, bacteria were washed from the seed surface. Washed and unwashed seeds were then planted in pots containing perlite and grown for 28 days under greenhouse conditions. Whatever the density of Azospirillum at planting, the number of these bacteria at the end of the experiment was similar (1.9-8.0 × 107 bacteria·plant-1). However, comparison of root surface areas of the plants were different depending on the period of contact between seeds and the density of the inoculum. Twenty-four hours of contact was not sufficient to increase root growth surface areas. Contact for 48 h permitted us to obtain root surface areas comparable with those measured after a continuous contact. These results showed that in order to promote maize root surface areas, an optimal density of Azospirillum is not required during the whole cultural cycle. This optimal density is indispensable only up to the emergence of the radicle.Key words: Azospirillum, maize, inoculation, PGPR.

Download Full-text

The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77407-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangqian Tan ◽

Yongwen Huang ◽

Danwei Xiong ◽

Kun Lv ◽

Fangqing Chen

Keyword(s):

Erosion Resistance ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Root Surface ◽

Soil Reinforcement ◽

Slope Stabilization ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Stems And Leaves ◽

Elymus Nutans ◽

Density Treatment

AbstractElymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. nutans in vegetation–concrete applications for slope protection, six experimental treatments were established with different plant densities: control, I (1100 seeds/m2), II (2200 seeds/m2), III (3300 seeds/m2), IV (4400 seeds/m2), and V (5500 seeds/m2). Several parameters of plant growth in addition to soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties were measured in each treatment, as well as the associations among parameters. As density increased, aboveground biomass continually increased, and plant heights, root surface areas, root lengths, and underground biomass all first increased and then decreased. In contrast, tiller numbers and the average root diameter gradually decreased with increasing density. Increased density also resulted in increased maximum water interception levels by aboveground stems and leaves. The maximum water interception by the aboveground stems and leaves was 41.75% greater in the highest density treatment (V) compared to the lowest density treatment (I). However, the enhancement of erosion resistance and soil shear strength first increased and then decreased as density increased, with maximal values observed in the medium-high density treatment (IV). Sowing density was highly correlated with aboveground biomass, plant heights, tiller numbers, and the maximum level of water interception by stems and leaves. Thus, sowing density directly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of aboveground plant components. However, density was not significantly correlated with belowground biomass, root lengths, root surface areas, the enhancement of erosion resistance, and soil shear strengths. Therefore, sowing density indirectly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization of belowground plant components. Following from these results, we suggest that the optimal sowing density of E. nutans is approximately 4400 plants/m2 in their application within vegetation–concrete structures used for slope protection.

Download Full-text

Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-015-2533-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 395 (1-2) ◽

pp. 45-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Samuel Abiven ◽

Andreas Hund ◽

Vegard Martinsen ◽

Gerard Cornelissen

Keyword(s):

Root Surface ◽

Maize Root ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Biochar Amendment

Download Full-text

Effect of elevated Al and pH on the growth and root morphology of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive wheat seedlings in an acid soil .

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2014.v4.n1.04 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Toufiq Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Root Morphology ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Root Surface ◽

Root Tip ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Organic Acid Exudation ◽

Extractable Al

Aluminium ion (Al3+) toxicity and hydrogen ion (H+) activity are the major constraints for plant growth in acid soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of pH and Al on the growth response and changes in root morphology of Al-tolerant (ET8) and Al-sensitive (ES8) wheat seedlings. Different levels of AlCl3 and CaCO3 were added to the soils to manipulate soil pH and extractable Al. The results showed that the bulk soil pH remained constant at pH 4.1 with further applications of AlCl3, and that the seedlings died at the 200 mg AlCl3/kg treatments. The ET8 seedlings responded better than the ES8 seedlings in both low and high Al and pH. The ET8 seedlings had higher root surface areas and root tip numbers than the ES8 seedlings in the Al treatment. In contrast, the ES8 had higher root diameters than the ET8 seedlings due to the elevated Al supply. Apoplast Al increased with the increase of soil available extractable Al, and declined with the decrease of soil extractable Al. The ET8 seedlings accumulated more Al in their apoplast than the ES8 seedlings. This study concluded that accumulation of Al in the apoplast is also involved in Al tolerance mechanism with the addition of organic acid exudation.

Download Full-text

A NEW GRAVIMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ROOT-SURFACE AREAS

Soil Science ◽

10.1097/00010694-196611000-00001 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 289-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

H. E. CARLEY ◽

R. D. WATSON

Keyword(s):

Gravimetric Method ◽

Root Surface ◽

Surface Areas

Download Full-text

A meta-analysis of normal ranges for root surface areas of the permanent dentition

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-051x.1994.tb00310.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 225-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

P. P. Hujoel

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Root Surface ◽

Permanent Dentition ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Normal Ranges

Download Full-text

Root surface areas in long-term survivors of childhood cancer

Oral Oncology ◽

10.1016/s1368-8375(02)00089-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 178-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M.S Duggal

Keyword(s):

Childhood Cancer ◽

Root Surface ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Survivors Of Childhood Cancer ◽

Long Term Survivors

Download Full-text

The Rhizometer – a device for measuring roots of tree seedlings

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc44021-5 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 21-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

I. K. Morrison ◽

K. A. Armson

Keyword(s):

Root Systems ◽

Root Surface ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Photoelectric Device ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Routine Measurement ◽

Root Measurement ◽

Nursery Production ◽

Non Destructive

A photoelectric device — the rhizometer — which can be used to estimate root surface areas of seedlings is described. The advantage of this instrument is that it is rapid and non-destructive. The method gives comparable results to estimates obtained by direct measurement of diameters and lengths; in addition the estimates are highly reproducible. The technique used has considerable application in the assessment of root systems of seedlings grown under experimental conditions and also in the routine measurement of nursery production stock. Seedlings are capable of being planted out after root measurement by this technique.

Download Full-text

Is relevant the underestimation of irregular apical root resorption by periapical radiographs?

HU Revista ◽

10.34019/1982-8047.2019.v45.28678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 237-243

Author(s):

Marcio Jose da Silva Campos ◽

Helen Vidon Gomes ◽

Paula Liparini Caetano ◽

Marcelo Reis Fraga ◽

Robert Willer Farinazzo Vitral

Keyword(s):

Root Resorption ◽

Root Surface ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Apical Root Resorption ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Root Area ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Apical Area

Introduction: Periodic control of root resorption during orthodontic treatment is frequently made by two-dimensional radiographic examinations, in which irregular resorptions are not detected buccolingually. Aim: Quantifying the resorbed root area of incisors with irregular apical root resorption underestimated by two-dimensional radiographic methods. Materials and Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images of 18 patients whose incisors presented irregular apical root resorption underestimated by two-dimensional radiographic methods and their contralateral correspondents without resorption were evaluated. In sound incisors, a regular apical root resorption was simulated at the same height as that of the irregularly resorbed incisors. The apical and total root surface areas of the incisors with irregular root resorption and simulated regular root resorption were measured and compared. The Student´s t test for paired samples was used at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: The apical area of the incisors with irregular root resorption was significantly smaller than that of the incisors with simulated regular resorption (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the comparison between total root surface areas (p=0.435). Conclusion: Underestimation of the irregular root resorption shown on two-dimensional images was significant when analyzing the apical area of the tooth. However, when considering the total root surface area of the tooth, which is responsible for the most part of the periodontal support, such underestimation was not significant.

Download Full-text