Initiation of root growth stimulation by Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 during maize seed germination

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Jacoud ◽  
Dominique Job ◽  
Patrick Wadoux ◽  
René Bally
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Growth Surface ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

Maize seeds were inoculated with a commercial inoculant containing 1.3 × 107 Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 cells. After 24 or 48 h, bacteria were washed from the seed surface. Washed and unwashed seeds were then planted in pots containing perlite and grown for 28 days under greenhouse conditions. Whatever the density of Azospirillum at planting, the number of these bacteria at the end of the experiment was similar (1.9-8.0 × 107 bacteria·plant-1). However, comparison of root surface areas of the plants were different depending on the period of contact between seeds and the density of the inoculum. Twenty-four hours of contact was not sufficient to increase root growth surface areas. Contact for 48 h permitted us to obtain root surface areas comparable with those measured after a continuous contact. These results showed that in order to promote maize root surface areas, an optimal density of Azospirillum is not required during the whole cultural cycle. This optimal density is indispensable only up to the emergence of the radicle.Key words: Azospirillum, maize, inoculation, PGPR.

Initiation of root growth stimulation by Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 during maize seed germination

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Jacoud ◽  
Dominique Job ◽  
Patrick Wadoux ◽  
René Bally
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum

scholarly journals Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Gui-E Li ◽  
Wei-Liang Kong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Wu ◽  
Shi-Bo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

Dynamics of root growth stimulation in Nicotiana tabacum in increasing light intensity

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1936-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERSTIN A. NAGEL ◽  
ULRICH SCHURR ◽  
ACHIM WALTER
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation

scholarly journals Effects of warming and fertilization interacting with intraspecific competition on fine root traits of Picea asperata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Li ◽  
Hong-Wei Nan ◽  
Chun-Zhang Zhao ◽  
Chun-Ying Yin ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Picea Asperata

Abstract Aims Competition, temperature, and nutrient are the most important determinants of tree growth in the cold climate on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Although many studies have reported their individual effects on tree growth, little is known about how the interactions of competition with fertilization and temperature affect root growth. We aim to test whether climate warming and fertilization promote competition and to explore the functional strategies of Picea asperata in response to the interactions of these factors. Methods We conducted a paired experiment including competition and non-competition treatments under elevated temperature (ET) and fertilization. We measured root traits, including the root tip number over the root surface (RTRS), the root branching events over the root surface (RBRS), the specific root length (SRL), the specific root area (SRA), the total fine root length and area (RL and RA), the root tips (RT) and root branching events (RB). These root traits are considered to be indicators of plant resource uptake capacity and root growth. The root biomass and the nutrient concentrations in the roots were also determined. Important Findings The results indicated that ET, fertilization and competition individually enhanced the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) concentrations in fine roots, but they did not affect fine root biomass or root traits, including RL, RT, RA and RB. However, both temperature and fertilization, as well as their interaction, interacting with competition increased RL, RA, RT, RB, and nutrient uptake. In addition, the SRL, SRA, RTRS and RBRS decreased under fertilization, the interaction between temperature and competition decreased SRL and SRA, while the other parameters were not affected by temperature or competition. These results indicate that Picea asperata maintains a conservative nutrient strategy in response to competition, climate warming, fertilization, and their interactions. Our results improve our understanding of the physiological and ecological adaptability of trees to global change.

scholarly journals Root surface areas of maxillary permanent teeth in anterior normal overbite and anterior open bite assessed using cone-beam computed tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyadanai Suteerapongpun ◽  
Supassara Sirabanchongkran ◽  
Tanapan Wattanachai ◽  
Patiyut Sriwilas ◽  
Dhirawat Jotikasthira
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Surface Areas

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow Rate on Hydroponic Plant Growth and Root Morphology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bateer Baiyin ◽  
Kotaro Tagawa ◽  
Mina Yamada ◽  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Satoshi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Flow Rates

Crop production under hydroponic environments has many advantages, yet the effects of solution flow rate on plant growth remain unclear. We conducted a hydroponic cultivation study using different flow rates under light-emitting diode lighting to investigate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and root morphology under different flow rates. Swiss chard plants were grown hydroponically under four nutrient solution flow rates (2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min, and 8 L/min). After 21 days, harvested plants were analyzed for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root morphology, and root cellulose and hemicellulose content. We found that suitable flow rates, acting as a eustress, gave the roots appropriate mechanical stimulation to promote root growth, absorb more nutrients, and increase overall plant growth. Conversely, excess flow rates acted as a distress that caused the roots to become compact and inhibited root surface area and root growth. Excess flow rate thereby resulted in a lower root surface area that translated to reduced nutrient ion absorption and poorer plant growth compared with plans cultured under a suitable flow rate. Our results indicate that regulating flow rate can regulate plant thigmomorphogenesis and nutrient uptake, ultimately affecting hydroponic crop quality.

scholarly journals The responsiveness of Triticum aestivum L. variety for inoculation by cells of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis.

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Z. M. Kuramshina ◽  
R. M. Khairullin ◽  
Yu. V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In this study, we tested the effect of two strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D and 11ВМ on three varieties of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Omskaya 35, Kazakhstanskaya 10 (spring), Volzhskaya qualitative (winter).The peculiarity of the plants response to endophytic inoculation depended on the strain of the microorganism, the concentration of cells in the preparation, and the variety of wheat during the experiment in Petri dishes. Both strains showed a strong growth-stimulating effect when seed was inoculated with suspensions of bacteria with a concentration of 106 cells/ml. There was no effect when seed cells were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 109 cells / ml. Plants varieties Omskaya 35 were most responsive to inoculation with endophytes. The variety was well responsive to the inoculation of bacteria cells at different concentrations. The variety Volzhskaya quality had the least growth stimulation. Plants of this variety responded well when grown in soil, unlike experiments in Petri dishes. The variety Kazakhstanskaya 10 was less responsive when growing plants in Petri dishes. There was no difference between the size of the shoots of inoculated and non-inoculated plants of the variety Kazakh 10, only stimulation of root growth was observed. It was concluded that there is a pronounced responsiveness of wheat varieties to the effect of endophytic strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D the basis of biofungicide (Fitosporin-M) and this must be considered when using biofungicide for wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals Influence of graphene on the multiple metabolic pathways of Zea mays roots based on transcriptome analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244856
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Chen ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Shenghua Han ◽  
Yaqin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Roots

Graphene reportedly exerts positive effects on plant root growth and development, although the corresponding molecular response mechanism remains to be elucidated. Maize seeds were randomly divided into a control and experimental group, and the roots of Zea mays L. seedlings were watered with different concentrations (0–100 mg/L) of graphene to explore the effects and molecular mechanism of graphene on the growth and development of Z. mays L. Upon evaluating root growth indices, 50 mg/L graphene remarkably increased total root length, root volume, and the number of root tips and forks of maize seedlings compared to those of the control group. We observed that the contents of nitrogen and potassium in rhizosphere soil increased following the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Thereafter, we compared the transcriptome changes in Z. mays roots in response to the 50 mg/L graphene treatment. Transcriptional factor regulation, plant hormone signal transduction, nitrogen and potassium metabolism, as well as secondary metabolism in maize roots subjected to graphene treatment, exhibited significantly upregulated expression, all of which could be related to mechanisms underlying the response to graphene. Based on qPCR validations, we proposed several candidate genes that might have been affected with the graphene treatment of maize roots. The transcriptional profiles presented here provide a foundation for deciphering the mechanism underlying graphene and maize root interaction.

scholarly journals Root-reinforced sand: kinematic response of the soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 12011
Author(s):  
Floriana Anselmucci ◽  
Edward Andó ◽  
Luc Sibille ◽  
Nicolas Lenoir ◽  
Robert Peyroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Displacement Fields ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Microstructure ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Growth Changes

The influence of the soil on the growth of a root system has been largely investigated. By contrast, the aim of this work is to go deep into the details of how the soil may be influenced by the root system. In particular, the root growth process and its potential to improve the soil strength is explored. Even though roots can be seen as fiber-like reinforcements, their growth changes the soil microstructure. Consequently, one of the objectives is to understand how the water content and the soil displacement fields evolve when an inclusion expands radially and axially. In particular, an investigation was carried on to characterise the deformation of the solid phase of the soil, due to the root growth. A series of in-vivo x-ray tomographies was acquired with Maize seeds growing roots into a coarse Hostun HN1.5-2 sand. Digital Image Correlation is used to calculate the soil 3D displacement fields around the growing plant roots.

scholarly journals The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Tan ◽  
Yongwen Huang ◽  
Danwei Xiong ◽  
Kun Lv ◽  
Fangqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Slope Stabilization ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Elymus Nutans ◽  
Density Treatment

AbstractElymus nutans is an herbaceous plant that can be used to restore degraded alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how sowing density affects soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures. To investigate the optimal sowing density of E. nutans in vegetation–concrete applications for slope protection, six experimental treatments were established with different plant densities: control, I (1100 seeds/m2), II (2200 seeds/m2), III (3300 seeds/m2), IV (4400 seeds/m2), and V (5500 seeds/m2). Several parameters of plant growth in addition to soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties were measured in each treatment, as well as the associations among parameters. As density increased, aboveground biomass continually increased, and plant heights, root surface areas, root lengths, and underground biomass all first increased and then decreased. In contrast, tiller numbers and the average root diameter gradually decreased with increasing density. Increased density also resulted in increased maximum water interception levels by aboveground stems and leaves. The maximum water interception by the aboveground stems and leaves was 41.75% greater in the highest density treatment (V) compared to the lowest density treatment (I). However, the enhancement of erosion resistance and soil shear strength first increased and then decreased as density increased, with maximal values observed in the medium-high density treatment (IV). Sowing density was highly correlated with aboveground biomass, plant heights, tiller numbers, and the maximum level of water interception by stems and leaves. Thus, sowing density directly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of aboveground plant components. However, density was not significantly correlated with belowground biomass, root lengths, root surface areas, the enhancement of erosion resistance, and soil shear strengths. Therefore, sowing density indirectly influenced soil reinforcement and slope stabilization of belowground plant components. Following from these results, we suggest that the optimal sowing density of E. nutans is approximately 4400 plants/m2 in their application within vegetation–concrete structures used for slope protection.

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