scholarly journals Lung Recruitment in Obese Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Fumagalli ◽  
Roberta R. S. Santiago ◽  
Maddalena Teggia Droghi ◽  
Changsheng Zhang ◽  
Florian J. Fintelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Recruitment Maneuver ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Lung Collapse ◽  
Lung Elastance ◽  
Severely Obese

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic Obesity increases the propensity to atelectasis in acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the optimal approach to reversing this atelectasis is uncertain What This Article Tells Us That Is New A clinical crossover study comparing three approaches to titrate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; according to a fixed table, according to end-expiratory esophageal pressure, and targeting the best compliance during a decremental PEEP trial) found that a recruitment maneuver followed by decremental PEEP minimized atelectasis and overdistension, and best restored compliance and oxygenation without causing hemodynamic impairment Background Obese patients are characterized by normal chest-wall elastance and high pleural pressure and have been excluded from trials assessing best strategies to set positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The authors hypothesized that severely obese patients with ARDS present with a high degree of lung collapse, reversible by titrated PEEP preceded by a lung recruitment maneuver. Methods Severely obese ARDS patients were enrolled in a physiologic crossover study evaluating the effects of three PEEP titration strategies applied in the following order: (1) PEEPARDSNET: the low PEEP/Fio2 ARDSnet table; (2) PEEPINCREMENTAL: PEEP levels set to determine a positive end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure; and (3) PEEPDECREMENTAL: PEEP levels set to determine the lowest respiratory system elastance during a decremental PEEP trial following a recruitment maneuver on respiratory mechanics, regional lung collapse, and overdistension according to electrical impedance tomography and gas exchange. Results Fourteen patients underwent the study procedures. At PEEPARDSNET (13 ± 1 cm H2O) end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure was negative (−5 ± 5 cm H2O), lung elastance was 27 ± 12 cm H2O/L, and PaO2/Fio2 was 194 ± 111 mmHg. Compared to PEEPARDSNET, at PEEPINCREMENTAL level (22 ± 3 cm H2O) lung volume increased (977 ± 708 ml), lung elastance decreased (23 ± 7 cm H2O/l), lung collapse decreased (18 ± 10%), and ventilation homogeneity increased thus rising oxygenation (251 ± 105 mmHg), despite higher overdistension levels (16 ± 12%), all values P < 0.05 versus PEEPARDSnet. Setting PEEP according to a PEEPDECREMENTAL trial after a recruitment maneuver (21 ± 4 cm H2O, P = 0.99 vs. PEEPINCREMENTAL) further lowered lung elastance (19 ± 6 cm H2O/l) and increased oxygenation (329 ± 82 mmHg) while reducing lung collapse (9 ± 2%) and overdistension (11 ± 2%), all values P < 0.05 versus PEEPARDSnet and PEEPINCREMENTAL. All patients were maintained on titrated PEEP levels up to 24 h without hemodynamic or ventilation related complications. Conclusions Among the PEEP titration strategies tested, setting PEEP according to a PEEPDECREMENTAL trial preceded by a recruitment maneuver obtained the best lung function by decreasing lung overdistension and collapse, restoring lung elastance, and oxygenation suggesting lung tissue recruitment.

scholarly journals An assessment of esophageal balloon use for the titration of airway pressure release ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation in a patient with extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Arellano-Pérez ◽  
Felipe Castillo Merino ◽  
Roberto Torres-Tejeiro ◽  
Sebastián Ugarte Ubiergo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Release ◽  
Esophageal Balloon ◽  
Pressure Release Ventilation

Abstract Background Esophageal pressure measurement is a minimally invasive monitoring process that assesses respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Airway pressure release ventilation is a relatively new positive pressure ventilation modality, characterized by a series of advantages in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Case presentation We report a case of a 55-year-old chilean female, with preexisting hypertension and recurrent renal colic who entered the cardiosurgical intensive care unit with signs and symptoms of urinary sepsis secondary to a right-sided obstructive urolithiasis. At the time of admission, the patient showed signs of urinary sepsis, a poor overall condition, hemodynamic instability, tachycardia, hypotension, and needed vasoactive drugs. Initially the patient was treated with volume control ventilation. Then, ventilation was with conventional ventilation parameters described by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. However, hemodynamic complications led to reduced airway pressure. Later she presented intraabdominal hypertension that compromised the oxygen supply and her ventilation management. Considering these records, an esophageal manometry was used to measure distending lung pressure, that is, transpulmonary pressure, to protect lungs. Initial use of the esophageal balloon was in a volume-controlled modality (deep sedation), which allowed the medical team to perform inspiratory and expiratory pause maneuvers to monitor transpulmonary plateau pressure as a substitute for pulmonary distension and expiratory pause and determine transpulmonary positive end-expiratory pressure. On the third day of mechanical respiration, the modality was switched to airway pressure release ventilation. The use of airway pressure release ventilation was associated with reduced hemodynamic complications and kept transpulmonary pressure between 0 and 20 cmH2O despite a sustained high positive end-expiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O. Conclusion The application of this technique is shown in airway pressure release ventilation with spontaneous ventilation, which is then compared with a controlled modality that requires a lesser number of sedative doses and vasoactive drugs, without altering the criteria for lung protection as guided by esophageal manometry.

Lung morphology predicts response to recruitment maneuver in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Constantin ◽  
Salvatore Grasso ◽  
Gerald Chanques ◽  
Sophie Aufort ◽  
Emmanuel Futier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Recruitment Maneuver ◽  
Lung Morphology

Biological Impact of Transpulmonary Driving Pressure in Experimental Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S. Samary ◽  
Raquel S. Santos ◽  
Cíntia L. Santos ◽  
Nathane S. Felix ◽  
Maira Bentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Peep Level ◽  
Transpulmonary Pressure ◽  
Plateau Pressure ◽  
Driving Pressure ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

Abstract Background: Ventilator-induced lung injury has been attributed to the interaction of several factors: tidal volume (VT), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), transpulmonary driving pressure (difference between transpulmonary pressure at end-inspiration and end-expiration, ΔP,L), and respiratory system plateau pressure (Pplat,rs). Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats received Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intratracheally. After 24 h, animals were randomized into combinations of VT and PEEP, yielding three different ΔP,L levels: ΔP,LLOW (VT = 6 ml/kg, PEEP = 3 cm H2O); ΔP,LMEAN (VT = 13 ml/kg, PEEP = 3 cm H2O or VT = 6 ml/kg, PEEP = 9.5 cm H2O); and ΔP,LHIGH (VT = 22 ml/kg, PEEP = 3 cm H2O or VT = 6 ml/kg, PEEP = 11 cm H2O). In other groups, at low VT, PEEP was adjusted to obtain a Pplat,rs similar to that achieved with ΔP,LMEAN and ΔP,LHIGH at high VT. Results: At ΔP,LLOW, expressions of interleukin (IL)-6, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and amphiregulin were reduced, despite morphometric evidence of alveolar collapse. At ΔP,LHIGH (VT = 6 ml/kg and PEEP = 11 cm H2O), lungs were fully open and IL-6 and RAGE were reduced compared with ΔP,LMEAN (27.4 ± 12.9 vs. 41.6 ± 14.1 and 0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, respectively), despite increased hyperinflation and amphiregulin expression. At ΔP,LMEAN (VT = 6 ml/kg and PEEP = 9.5 cm H2O), when PEEP was not high enough to keep lungs open, IL-6, RAGE, and amphiregulin expression increased compared with ΔP,LLOW (41.6 ± 14.1 vs. 9.0 ± 9.8, 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2, and 6.7 ± 0.8 vs. 2.2 ± 1.0, respectively). At Pplat,rs similar to that achieved with ΔP,LMEAN and ΔP,LHIGH, higher VT and lower PEEP reduced IL-6 and RAGE expression. Conclusion: In the acute respiratory distress syndrome model used in this experiment, two strategies minimized ventilator-induced lung injury: (1) low VT and PEEP, yielding low ΔP,L and Pplat,rs; and (2) low VT associated with a PEEP level sufficient to keep the lungs open.

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