Changes in Measles Seroprevalence in China After the Launch of Two Provincial Supplementary Immunization Activities During 2009 to 2013

Independent polio immunization campaign monitoring is carried out to assess the quality and impact of supplementary immunization activities. It is critical in guiding any necessary mid-course corrections if gaps or problems are found. The need of the hour is to maintain this status by continuing the immunization activities without any discrimination based on caste, creed, sect, state or religion. It was a great sight to witness the Polio workers in the interiors of the country doing a great job to make INDIA proud and continue as a POLIO ELIMINATED COUNTRY. All the credit goes to these workers who tirelessly cycles and walks withstanding the rain and sun that made India a POLIO FREE country. Objective of this article is to highlight some of the observations by a WHO external monitor posted in a District of Tamilnadu.

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Environmental Surveillance System To Track Wild Poliovirus Transmission

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.5.2919-2927.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 2919-2927 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jagadish M. Deshpande ◽

Sushmitha J. Shetty ◽

Zaeem A. Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Environmental Samples ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽

Environmental Surveillance ◽

Poliovirus Type ◽

Wild Poliovirus ◽

Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽

Type 3

ABSTRACT Eradication of poliomyelitis from large metropolis cities in India has been difficult due to high population density and the presence of large urban slums. Three paralytic poliomyelitis cases were reported in Mumbai, India, in 1999 and 2000 in spite of high immunization coverage and good-quality supplementary immunization activities. We therefore established a systematic environmental surveillance study by weekly screening of sewage samples from three high-risk slum areas to detect the silent transmission of wild poliovirus. In 2001, from among the 137 sewage samples tested, wild poliovirus type 1 was isolated from 35 and wild poliovirus type 3 was isolated from 1. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance indicated one case of paralytic poliomyelitis from the city. Phylogenetic analysis with complete VP1 sequences revealed that the isolates from environmental samples belonged to four lineages of wild polioviruses recently isolated from poliomyelitis cases in Uttar Pradesh and not to those previously isolated from AFP cases in Mumbai. Wild poliovirus thus introduced caused one case of paralytic poliomyelitis. The virus was detected in environmental samples 3 months before. It was found that wild polioviruses introduced several times during the year circulated in Mumbai for a limited period before being eliminated. Environmental surveillance was found to be sensitive for the detection of wild poliovirus silent transmission. Nucleotide sequence analysis helped identify wild poliovirus reservoir areas.

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Updating the evidence base on the operational costs of supplementary immunization activities for current and future accelerated disease control, elimination and eradication efforts

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-14-67 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gian Gandhi ◽

Patrick Lydon

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Operational Costs ◽

Supplementary Immunization Activities

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The Cost-Effectiveness of Supplementary Immunization Activities for Measles: A Stochastic Model for Uganda

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jir131 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 204 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S107-S115 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

David Bishai ◽

Benjamin Johns ◽

Divya Nair ◽

Juliet Nabyonga-Orem ◽

Braka Fiona-Makmot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Stochastic Model ◽

Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽

The Cost

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Controlling polio outbreak due to imported wild poliovirus in Indonesia: A success story

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi49.4.2009.234-43 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sumarmo Poorwo Soedarmo ◽

Sidik Utoro

Keyword(s):

Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽

Polio Eradication ◽

Outbreak Response ◽

Success Story ◽

Wild Poliovirus ◽

First Case ◽

Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Outbreak Response Immunization

Background As a WHO member state, Indonesia is committed toGlobal Polio Eradication. The last indigenous polio case was found in 1995. However, we faced a big challenge with the occurrence of polio outbreak, beginning with a polio case caused by imported wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 in Sukabumi in 2005. The virus was originated from Sudan and imported to Indonesia through Saudi Arabia. The outbreak ended with totally 305 cases throughout the country. The last one occurred on 20 February 2006 in Aceh Tenggara District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. In addition and separated from the WPV type 1 outbreak, in August 2005, four Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases with type 1 Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in stool samples were identified in Madura, East Java Province. The first case was on 9 June 2005 and ended with 45 cases in Madura and another case in Probolinggo District, East Jawa.Objective To report a success of controlling outbreak of importedWPV in Indonesia.Methods Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) and mopup immunization were conducted immediately. To completelystop the transmission, three rounds of National ImmunizationDays (NIDs) were conducted in 2005 (August, September, andNovember). Some more Supplementary Immunization Activities(SIAs) were conducted in 2006 (mop up in January, NIDs inFebruary and early April, mop ups in June and August 2006).For the VDPV outbreak, ORI of 18,880 children in 83 villagestook place during the first week of August, beside three roundsofNIDs in 2005.Results All activities resulted in satisfactorily coverage, whereeach round always exceeded 95%.Conclusions Those activities were conducted successfully andproven to be effective to stop the outbreak. Then again, Indonesia can be a polio free country in the coming years.

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