scholarly journals Adherence to Guidelines for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis Among Infants With Prematurity or Chronic Lung Disease in Three United States Counties

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. e229-e231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kecia N. Carroll ◽  
Marie R. Griffin ◽  
Kathryn M. Edwards ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Adherence To Guidelines ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Infection by the respiratory syncytial virus in infants and young children at high risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Bonnet ◽  
Achim A. Schmaltz ◽  
Timothy F. Feltes
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
First Year ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Infants And Young Children

The respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children, and is the leading cause of hospitalisation and death due to viral illness during the first year of life. In otherwise healthy infants, the virus usually causes only mild respiratory illness, but premature babies and infants with chronic lung disease, those with congenitally malformed hearts, or those who are immunodeficient, are at increased risk of serious illness, hospitalisation, and death. Recent infection with the virus is also associated with increased postoperative complications after corrective surgery for congenitally malformed hearts. No effective vaccine is currently available, and treatment is limited to supportive therapy. Prevention in groups deemed to be at high-risk, therefore, is essential. In addition to measures for control of infection, prophylactic immunotherapy is indicated in selected patients. Palivizumab (Synagis®) is a monoclonal antibody indicated for the prevention of serious viral disease of the lower respiratory tract in premature infants, those with chronic lung disease, and those with haemodynamically significant congenital cardiac lesions. Palivizumab is given intramuscularly, usually as a monthly injection during the so-called “season”. In a recent international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 1,287 children less than or equal to 2 years old with haemodynamically significant congenital cardiac malformations, prophylaxis achieved a relative reduction of 45 per cent in the incidence of antigen-confirmed viral-related hospitalisation, and reduced the duration of hospital stay by 56 per cent. National and international guidelines, therefore, now recommend routine prophylaxis in the first year of life in children with haemodynamically significant congenital cardiac disease.

scholarly journals First versus second year respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in chronic lung disease (2005–2015)

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Y. Wang ◽  
◽  
Abby Li ◽  
Bosco Paes ◽  
Ian Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Pulmonary hypertension during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a risk factor for severity of illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Kimura ◽  
Isabella F. McNamara ◽  
Jiajing Wang ◽  
Jay H. Fowke ◽  
Alina N. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Prolonged Icu Stay

AbstractBackground:Respiratory syncytial virus infection is the most frequent cause of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants. A few reports have suggested that pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection. We sought to determine the association between the pulmonary hypertension detected by echocardiography during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and clinical outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 154 children admitted with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis who had an echocardiography performed during the admission. The association between pulmonary hypertension and clinical outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, prolonged ICU stay (>10 days), tracheal intubation, and need of high frequency oscillator ventilation was evaluated.Results:Echocardiography detected pulmonary hypertension in 29 patients (18.7%). Pulmonary hypertension was observed more frequently in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) (n = 11/33, 33%), chronic lung disease of infancy (n = 12/25, 48%), prematurity (<37 weeks gestational age, n = 17/59, 29%), and Down syndrome (n = 4/10, 40%). The presence of pulmonary hypertension was associated with morbidity (p < 0.001) and mortality (p = 0.02). However, in patients without these risk factors (n = 68), pulmonary hypertension was detected in five patients who presented with shock or poor perfusion. Chronic lung disease was associated with pulmonary hypertension (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 2.2–16.3, p = 0.0005). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that pulmonary hypertension is associated with ICU admission (OR = 6.4, 95% CI 2.2–18.8, p = 0.0007), intubation (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.8–12.3, p = 0.002), high frequency oscillator ventilation (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 2.95–23.98, p < 0.0001), and prolonged ICU stay (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 2.0–11.7, p = 0.0004).Conclusions:Pulmonary hypertension detected by echocardiography during respiratory syncytial virus infection was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Chronic lung disease was associated with pulmonary hypertension detected during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Routine echocardiography is not warranted for previously healthy, haemodynamically stable patients with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

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