Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness and Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Breakthrough Infections in Germany, 2010–2011

Abstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study evaluated factors associated with pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for all-cause mortality in hospitalised adults with pneumococcal disease in Singapore. Methods: Retrospective case-control study of patients tested for pneumococcal disease with streptococcal urinary antigen testing and at least one sterile site culture, during their admission to a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 2015-2017. Patients were defined as cases of IPD or non-IPD, or as controls, based on laboratory results and clinical diagnoses. Multivariable models were constructed to determine factors associated with IPD/non-IPD, and risk factors for mortality from pneumococcal disease. Vaccine effectiveness against IPD/non-IPD was estimated using a variation of the test-negative design. Results: We identified 496 pneumococcal disease cases, of whom 92 (18.5%) had IPD. The mean age of cases was 69.1±15.4yrs, and 65.5% were male. Compared with controls (N=9,181), IPD patients were younger (mean age 61.5±16.3yrs, vs 72.2±16.1yrs in controls; p<0.001) and with less co-morbidities [median Charlson’s score 1 (IQR 0-4), vs 3 (1-5) in controls; p<0.001]. IPD patients also had the highest proportions with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (20.7%), inpatient mortality (26.1%) and longest median length of stay [9 (IQR 8-17) days]. On multivariable analysis, IPD was negatively associated with prior pneumococcal vaccination (adjusted relative risk ratio=0.20, 95%CI 0.06–0.69; p=0.011). Risk factors for mortality among pneumococcal disease patients were ICU admission, diagnosis of IPD, age ≥85yrs and Charlson’s score >3.Conclusion: Patients with pneumococcal disease (especially IPD) were younger and had less co-morbidities than controls, but had higher risk of severe clinical outcomes and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination effectiveness against IPD was estimated to be about 80%, and should be encouraged among high-risk patients.

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Measles outbreak in Burkina Faso, 2009: A case–control study to determine risk factors and estimate vaccine effectiveness

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (33) ◽

pp. 5000-5008 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sarah Kidd ◽

Bassirou Ouedraogo ◽

Chantal Kambire ◽

Jean Ludovic Kambou ◽

Huong McLean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Measles Outbreak ◽

Control Study

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Case Control Study of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Portugal During 6 Years of Private Market Use

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal ◽

10.1097/inf.0000000000000647 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 509-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Robin Marlow ◽

Muriel Ferreira ◽

Eugénio Cordeiro ◽

Caroline Trotter ◽

Luis Januário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Private Market ◽

Control Study

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Epidemiology, vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for mortality for pneumococcal disease among hospitalised adults in Singapore: a case-control study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05140-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tyson Chan ◽

Min Zhi Tay ◽

Win Mar Kyaw ◽

Angela Chow ◽

Hanley J. Ho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Control Study

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A comparison of the test-negative and traditional case-control study designs with respect to the bias of estimates of rotavirus vaccine effectiveness

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (33) ◽

pp. 5071-5076 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Haber ◽

Benjamin A. Lopman ◽

Jacqueline E. Tate ◽

Meng Shi ◽

Umesh D. Parashar

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Study Designs ◽

Control Study

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Epidemiology, vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for mortality for pneumococcal disease among hospitalised adults in Singapore: a case-control study

10.21203/rs.2.13072/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tyson Chan ◽

Min Zhi Tay ◽

Win Mar Kyaw ◽

Angela Chow ◽

Hanley J Ho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study evaluated factors associated with pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for all-cause mortality in hospitalised adults with pneumococcal disease in Singapore. Methods: Retrospective case-control study of patients tested for pneumococcal disease with streptococcal urinary antigen testing and at least one sterile site culture, during their admission to a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 2015-2017. Patients were defined as cases of IPD or non-IPD, or as controls, based on laboratory results and clinical diagnoses. Multivariable models were constructed to determine factors associated with IPD/non-IPD, and risk factors for mortality from pneumococcal disease. Vaccine effectiveness against IPD/non-IPD was estimated using a variation of the test-negative design. Results: We identified 496 pneumococcal disease cases, of whom 92 (18.5%) had IPD. The mean age of cases was 69.1±15.4yrs, and 65.5% were male. Compared with controls (N=9,181), IPD patients were younger (mean age 61.5±16.3yrs, vs 72.2±16.1yrs in controls; p<0.001) and with less co-morbidities [median Charlson’s score 1 (IQR 0-4), vs 3 (1-5) in controls; p<0.001]. IPD patients also had the highest proportions with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (20.7%), inpatient mortality (26.1%) and longest median length of stay [9 (IQR 8-17) days]. On multivariable analysis, IPD was negatively associated with prior pneumococcal vaccination (adjusted relative risk ratio=0.20, 95%CI 0.06–0.69; p=0.011). Risk factors for mortality among pneumococcal disease patients were ICU admission, diagnosis of IPD, age ≥85yrs and Charlson’s score >3.Conclusion: Patients with pneumococcal disease (especially IPD) were younger and had less co-morbidities than controls, but had higher risk of severe clinical outcomes and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination effectivenessagainst IPD was estimated to be about 80%, and should be encouraged among high-risk patients.

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Epidemiology, vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for mortality for pneumococcal disease among hospitalised adults in Singapore: a case-control study

10.21203/rs.2.13072/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tyson Chan ◽

Min Zhi Tay ◽

Win Mar Kyaw ◽

Angela Chow ◽

Hanley J Ho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽

Case Control ◽

Vaccine Effectiveness ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study evaluated factors associated with pneumococcal disease, pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness, and risk factors for all-cause mortality in hospitalised adults with pneumococcal disease in Singapore. Methods: Retrospective case-control study of patients tested for pneumococcal disease with streptococcal urinary antigen testing and at least one sterile site culture, during their admission to a tertiary hospital in Singapore from 2015-2017. Patients were defined as cases of IPD or non-IPD, or as controls, based on laboratory results and clinical diagnoses. Multivariable models were constructed to determine factors associated with IPD/non-IPD, and risk factors for mortality from pneumococcal disease. Vaccine effectiveness against IPD/non-IPD was estimated using a variation of the test-negative design. Results: We identified 496 pneumococcal disease cases, of whom 92 (18.5%) had IPD. The mean age of cases was 69.1±15.4yrs, and 65.5% were male. Compared with controls (N=9,181), IPD patients were younger (mean age 61.5±16.3yrs, vs 72.2±16.1yrs in controls; p<0.001) and with less co-morbidities [median Charlson’s score 1 (IQR 0-4), vs 3 (1-5) in controls; p<0.001]. IPD patients also had the highest proportions with intensive care unit (ICU) admission (20.7%), inpatient mortality (26.1%) and longest median length of stay [9 (IQR 8-17) days]. On multivariable analysis, IPD was negatively associated with prior pneumococcal vaccination (adjusted relative risk ratio=0.20, 95%CI 0.06–0.69; p=0.011). Risk factors for mortality among pneumococcal disease patients were ICU admission, diagnosis of IPD, age ≥85yrs and Charlson’s score >3. Conclusion: Patients with pneumococcal disease (especially IPD) were younger and had less co-morbidities than controls, but had higher risk of severe clinical outcomes and mortality. Pneumococcal vaccination effectivenessagainst IPD was estimated to be about 80%, and should be encouraged among high-risk patients.

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