Correlation among high salt intake, blood pressure variability, and target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension

Background: The prevalence of hypertension and blood pressure-related target organ damage in African-Americans is among the highest in the world. We hypothesize that this is in part due to aldosterone dysregulation among African-Americans beginning in youth and leading to the early development of cardiovascular disease in this population. To begin to test this hypothesis, we examined ethnic differences in aldosterone regulation in normal, healthy adolescents. Methods: The subjects in this study were 145 (60 Caucasian, 85 African-American) healthy, normotensive youth aged 15–19 years. Testing was performed following 72 hours on a controlled sodium diet. Testing consisted of the collection of aldosterone, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and urinary sodium excretion (U Na V) during continuous water intake (400 ml total) over a 2 hour period. An echocardiogram was also performed to measure target organ changes. Log transformations were performed on aldosterone levels prior to analyses. Results: African-American compared to Caucasian subjects had higher casual SBP (109±10 v 104±10; p=.006) and relative wall thickness (0.32±.03 v 0.34±.04; p=.003). During the testing procedure African-Americans also had lower levels of aldosterone (4.78±.6 v 4.35±.6 pg/ml; p =.001). In the Caucasian subjects only, aldosterone was inversely correlated with U Na V (r=−0.427; p=.001) and U Na V was positively correlated with SBP (r=0.356; p=.001). The subjects were divided into those in the upper and lower quartiles of salt intake for further analysis. The interaction between race and salt intake was significant for aldosterone (F=7.173; p=.008). Caucasian subjects with high salt intake had lower aldosterone (4.56±.59 v 5.02±0.59 pg/ml). However, aldosterone levels did not differ by salt intake in African-Americans. Summary and Conclusion: African-American subjects did not show the expected associations between aldosterone and the pressure natriuresis relation. Furthermore, African-Americans on the high salt intake failed to suppress aldosterone. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that aldosterone dysregulation in youth may lead to the early development of cardiovascular disease in Africans-Americans.

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The relationship of plasma renin , angiotensin , and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension

10.21203/rs.2.16969/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Yao Lin ◽

Ming-Ming Zhang ◽

Tong Zheng ◽

Xiao-Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Target Organ ◽

Renin Angiotensin

Abstract Background To investigate the relationships of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 132 children diagnosed with essential hypertension(103 males and 29 females with the mean age of 11.8 ± 2.4 years). The plasma RAAS levels were measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, the ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h, and then the average real variability (ARV) was calculated. Data on indicators were used for assessing cardiac and renal damages. The correlations of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone (RAAS) levels to blood pressure variability (BPV) and target organ damage (TOD) were studied. A comparison between the groups was conducted using SPSS 20． Results Among the 132 children, 55 cases had target organ damage. The 24-h ARV and the daytime ARV of the systolic blood pressure of the high angiotensin II (AT II) group was significantly higher than that of the normal AT II group (t = 2.175, P = 0.031; t = 2.672, P = 0.009). Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were significantly associated with the left ventricular mass index (r = 0.329, P= 0.0001; r = 0.175, P = 0.045). Linear regression analysis showed that AT II [ β± s.e.= 0.025±0.006, 95% CI ( 0.013–0.038), P = 0.0001] and aldosterone [ β± s.e.= 0.021±0.007, 95% CI( 0.008–0.034), P = 0.002] were risk factors for LVH. Conclusions The AT II level in children with essential hypertension affected the variability of the 24-h and the daytime SBP. Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were associated with cardiac damage. Results from this study indicated that AT II and aldosterone are risk factors for LVH in childhood hypertension and are of great significance for improving the clinical prognosis of pediatric patients with hypertension.

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A14364 Study on the distribution of salt intake and its relationship with blood pressure level and target organ damage in patients with essential hypertension in Beijing

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000548919.87343.17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. e225

Author(s):

Hongyi Wang ◽

Ningling Sun ◽

fan yang

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Blood Pressure Level ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Pressure Level ◽

Target Organ

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High Salt Intake Is Independently Associated With Hypertensive Target Organ Damage

Journal of Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1111/jch.12668 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yuki Imaizumi ◽

Kazuo Eguchi ◽

Takeshi Murakami ◽

Kimika Arakawa ◽

Takuya Tsuchihashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Intake ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Target Organ ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Intake

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Target organ damage and blood pressure variability in essential hypertension

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1016/s0895-7061(01)01485-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. A31

Author(s):

E Gomez-Angelats

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Target Organ

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The relationship of plasma renin , angiotensin , and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension

10.21203/rs.2.16969/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Yao Lin ◽

Ming-Ming Zhang ◽

Tong Zheng ◽

Xiao-Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Blood Pressure Variability ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Target Organ ◽

Renin Angiotensin

Abstract Background To investigate the relationships of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone levels to blood pressure variability and target organ damage in children with essential hypertension. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 132 children diagnosed with essential hypertension(103 males and 29 females with the mean age of 11.8 ± 2.4 years). The plasma RAAS levels were measured using the enhanced chemiluminescence method, the ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h, and then the average real variability (ARV) was calculated. Data on indicators were used for assessing cardiac and renal damages. The correlations of plasma renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone (RAAS) levels to blood pressure variability (BPV) and target organ damage (TOD) were studied. A comparison between the groups was conducted using SPSS 20． Results Among the 132 children, 55 cases had target organ damage. The 24-h ARV and the daytime ARV of the systolic blood pressure of the high angiotensin II (AT II) group was significantly higher than that of the normal AT II group (t = 2.175, P = 0.031; t = 2.672, P = 0.009). Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were significantly associated with the left ventricular mass index (r = 0.329, P= 0.0001; r = 0.175, P = 0.045). Linear regression analysis showed that AT II [ β± s.e.= 0.025±0.006, 95% CI ( 0.013–0.038), P = 0.0001] and aldosterone [ β± s.e.= 0.021±0.007, 95% CI( 0.008–0.034), P = 0.002] were risk factors for LVH. Conclusions The AT II level in children with essential hypertension affected the variability of the 24-h and the daytime SBP. Plasma AT II and aldosterone levels were associated with cardiac damage. Results from this study indicated that AT II and aldosterone are risk factors for LVH in childhood hypertension and are of great significance for improving the clinical prognosis of pediatric patients with hypertension. Keywords Blood pressure monitoring · Child · Hypertension · Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

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