Clinical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders in Adults and Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Jon A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Clinicians’ perspectives of interfering behaviors in the treatment of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders in adults and children

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Davis ◽  
Terri Fletcher ◽  
Elizabeth McIngvale ◽  
Sandra L. Cepeda ◽  
Sophie C. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Dysregulation of DNA methylation during development as a potential mechanisms contributing to obsessive compulsive disorders and autism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
German I. Todorov ◽  
Karthikeyan Mayilvahanan ◽  
David Ashurov ◽  
Catarina Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Treatment Priority ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, that is raising at a concerning rate. However, underlying mechanisms are still to be discovered. Obsessions and compulsions are the most debilitating aspect of these disorders (OCD), and they are the treatment priority for patients. SAPAP3 knock out mice present a reliable mouse model for repetitive compulsive behavior and are mechanistically closely related to the ASD mouse model Shank3 on a molecular level and AMPA receptor net effect. The phenotype of SAPAP3 knock out mice is obsessive grooming that leads to self-inflicted lesions by 4 months of age. Recent studies have accumulated evidence, that epigenetic mechanisms are important effectors in psychiatric conditions such as ASD and OCD. Methylation is the most studied mechanism, that recently lead to drug developments for more precise cancer treatments. We injected SAPAP3 mice with an epigenetic demethylation drug RG108 during pregnancy and delayed the onset of the phenotype in the offspring by 4 months. This result gives us clues about possible mechanism involved in OCD and ASD. Additionally, it shows that modulation of methylation mechanisms during development might be explored as a preventative treatment in the cases of high inherited risk of certain mental health conditions.

The Use of Quetiapine for Comorbid Bipolar and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
María Yoldi-Negrete ◽  
Mónica Flores-Ramos ◽  
Alejandra Montserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Carvajal-Lohr Armando ◽  
Jorge Ávila-Solorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Translational approach to study flexibility as an endophenotype of obsessive compulsive disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
pp. 546-546
Author(s):  
N. Benzina ◽  
S.L. Mondragon ◽  
N. Ouarti ◽  
L. Mallet ◽  
E. Burguiere
Keyword(s):  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Reward Contingency ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Translational Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Behavioral flexibility is the ability of a subject to change its behavior according to contextual cues. In humans, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCD) is characterized by repetitive behavior, performed through rigid rituals. This phenomenological observation has led to explore the idea that OCD patients may have diminished behavioral flexibility. To address this question we developed innovative translational approaches across multiple species, including human patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorders, and rodent genetic models of OCD to provide original data in the perspective of enlightening the neurocognitive bases of compulsive behaviors. Behavioral flexibility may be challenged in experimental tasks such as reversal learning paradigms. In these tasks, the subject has to respond to either of two different visual stimuli but only one stimulus is positively rewarded while the other is not. After this first association has been learned, reward contingency are inverted, so that the previously neutral stimulus is now rewarded, while the previously rewarded stimulus is not. Performance in reversal learning is indexed by the number of perseverative errors committed when participants maintain their response towards previously reinforced stimulus in spite of negative reward. Unsurprisingly, this behavioral task has been adapted to mice using various response modalities (T-maze, lever press, nose-poke). Using animal models of compulsive behaviors give much more possibilities to study the deficient functions and their underlying neural basis that could lead to pathological repetitive behaviors. Here we present new behavioral set-ups that we developed in parallel in human (i.e. healthy subjects and OCD patients) and mice (i.e. controls and SAPAP3-KO mice) to study the role of the behavioral flexibility as a possible endophenotype of OCD. We observed that the subjects suffering of compulsive behaviors showed perseverative maladaptive behaviors in these tasks. By comparing the results of a similar task-design in humans and mouse models we will discuss the pertinence of such translational approach to further study the neurocognitive basis of compulsive behaviors.

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