Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the sexual behavior,
attitudes and knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted infections and
reproductive health among the youth in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and
Methods. A prospective study included a sample of 6.000 subjects, aged 19-24,
of both sexes, investigating the sexual behavior of the youth in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in the period 2007 - 2009. Results. Of the interviewed examinees,
61% were sexually active, of which 56.4% had sexual intercourse with one
partner (z = 28.51; p < 0.001). The average age of sexarche was significantly
lower in males 17.34 ? 1.77 years, than in females 18.20 ? 1.84 years (z =
-14.44; p < 0.001). Contraception was used by 67.6% at first intercourse, and
by 70.4% at the last intercourse. The most common method of contraception was
male condom (74%), coitus interruptus (11.1%), and oral hormonal
contraceptives (14.9%). The examined subjects had inadequate knowledge
(51.6%) about contraceptive methods, and it was significantly higher in males
(64.6%) than in females (42.2%) (z = 10.17; p < 0.001). Some 4.9% of the
sexually active females had intentional abortions. Up to 51.7% of females had
never had a pelvic examination, and Pap test was done by 37.2%. The examinees
obtained information about contraception and sexually transmitted infections
from peers 50.7% and parents 9.7%. Only 28% of females had a positive
attitude towards oral hormonal contraceptives. Conclusion. The interviewed
young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina keep traditional sexual behavior
patterns, attitudes and practices. However, more effort should be put into
the improvement of knowledge on contraception, sexually transmitted
infections, and healthcare protection.